TABLE 2.
Factors persistently associated with sleep of babies (0–35 months) and preschool children (36–71 months) across the COVID‐19 confinement period from April to June 2020
| Babies | Preschool children | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bedtimes (min) | Latency of sleep (min) | Duration of sleep (min) | Number of awakenings | Frequency of going to bed at the same time | Frequency of falling asleep within 20 min | Frequency of sleeping the same duration | Frequency of awakenings | |||||||||
| Factor | b | p | b | p | b | p | b | p | b | p | b | p | b | p | b | p |
| Stress | – | – | 1.80 | 0.074 | −4.05 | 0.109 | 0.09 | 0.076 | −0.06 | 0.031 | −0.10 | 0.023 | −0.05 | 0.051 | – | – |
| Quarantine | 25.93 | <0.001 | 3.12 | 0.099 | −18.03 | 0.003 | 0.39 | 0.002 | – | – | – | – | 0.11 | 0.236 | −0.15 | 0.236 |
| Mindfulness | 0.36 | 0.103 | 0.15 | 0.095 | 0.52 | 0.089 | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.023 | 0.01 | 0.007 | 0.01 | 0.038 | 0.01 | 0.009 |
| Siblings | – | – | −3.28 | 0.102 | −13.31 | 0.064 | 0.32 | 0.064 | 0.40 | <0.001 | – | – | 0.16 | 0.023 | −0.20 | 0.051 |
| Childcare | −0.01 | 0.171 | −0.01 | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.00 | 0.050 | −0.00 | 0.025 |
| Pets | −11.03 | 0.202 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.11 | 0.227 | – | – |
| Work | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.05 | 0.479 | – | – | – | – |
| Age | 7.12 | 0.050 | 3.26 | 0.009 | – | – | −0.33 | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | 0.07 | 0.039 | −0.24 | <0.001 |
| Sex | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | −0.28 | 0.011 | −0.14 | 0.044 | – | – |
Unstandardized beta coefficients (b) and corrected p‐values (p) from the linear mixed model are shown for the following factors: caregiver's stress, quarantine status, time caregiver spent on mindfulness practices, presence of siblings, time caregiver spent on childcare, presence of pets, change in caregiver's working arrangements, child's age and sex. Missing values indicate that the factor did not survive statistical backward selection. Significant associations (p < 0.05 after correcting for multiple testing by means of the false discovery rate) are presented in bold. Results were derived from the longitudinal analysis across assessments (baseline, and first and second follow‐up), including absolute values of sleep variables (i.e., without the quantification of a temporal change). We note the difference between sleep variables for the two groups of children, with babies’ sleep assessed in absolute terms and preschool children's sleep assessed in terms of frequency according to a 5‐point scale.