Table 2.
Population characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | No. | Mean age -yeas | Gender ratio (M: F) | Diagnosis | Onset of injury | treatment | Study design | Level of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gurger et al. (2018) | 12 | 27 | 10:2 | Stable nonunion | 7.6 months | Volar P/C 3.3 headless cannulated screw | retrospective case | IV |
| Waist + PP | series | |||||||
| Cha et al. (2017) | 15 | 28.9 ± 6.2 | 15:0 | Nonunion | 10.8 months | Volar P/C 3.0 mm headless compression screw (DepySynthes) | retrospective case | IV |
| Waist | series | |||||||
| Somerson et al. (2015) | 14 | 21.1 ± 10.6 | 13:1 | Fibrous nonunion | >6 months | Volar/dorsal open | retrospective case | IV |
| Waist + PP | A headless screw (Acutrak; Acumed: Hillsboro) | series | ||||||
| Capo et al. (2012) | 12 | 24 | 11:1 | Nonunion waist | 8.7 months | Volar/dorsal | retrospective case | IV |
| P/C headless screw | series | |||||||
| Mahmoud et al. (2010) | 27 | 28.3 | 26:1 | nonunion | 18.2 months | Volar P/C 3.0 mm cannulated screw | Prospective case series | IV |
| with substantial bone loss >2 mm | ||||||||
| Waist | ||||||||
| Slad 2003 et al. (2003) | 15 | 20 | 14:1 | nonunion with minimal sclerosis or Fibrous union | 9 months | Dorsal P/C cannulated headless screw (Acutrak) | Prospective case series | IV |
| Total | 95 | Mean age 24.8 years |
89:6 (93.6% males) | >6 months |
P/C: percutaneous, PP: proximal pole, M: male, F: female.