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. 2021 Mar 26;41(8):2063–2071. doi: 10.1038/s41372-021-01037-2

Table 4.

Hourly LENA counts on Recordings 1 and 2 in the presence versus absence of a Cuddler within low-visit group for all hours.

Recording Count Cuddler present Minimum Maximum Cuddler absent Minimum Maximum p
Hours, N (%) 21 (12) 154 (88)
R1 175 hours AWC 1779 ± 1738 83 6422 552 ± 918 0 5571 <0.0001
N = 12 infants Conversations 7.4 ± 6.9 0 22 4.6 ± 8.1 0 41 0.18
Vocalizations 13.9 ± 12.5 0 45 20.9 ± 30.2 0 192 0.31
Hours, N (%) 13 (12) 97 (88)
R2 110 hours AWC 2530 ± 2025 799 8399 534 ± 804 0 4374 <0.0001
N = 8 infants Conversations 13.7 ± 12.7 1 38 4.7 ± 9.6 0 43 0.005
Vocalizations 24.5 ± 22.1 2 63 26.5 ± 44.5 0 184 0.77

R1 Recording 1, R2 Recording 2, AWC adult word count, Conversations conversational turns, Vocalizations child vocalizations.