Table 2.
Risk factors associated with in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19 by Cox regression analysis
| Variables | Univariable HR (95% CI) |
p value | Multivariable HR (95% CI) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | < 0.001 | 1.07 (1.02–1.10) | 0.001 |
| Sex-male | 2.12 (0.95–4.72) | 0.066 | – | 0.052 |
| Diabetes | 3.80 (1.71–8.47) | 0.001 | 2.64 (1.14–6.11) | 0.024 |
| Diagnosed | 4.03 (1.64–9.91) | 0.002 | – | – |
| Undiagnosed | 1.89 (1.18–3.05) | 0.009 | – | – |
| Hypertension | 1.45 (0.68–3.08) | 0.339 | – | – |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.05 (0.32–3.49) | 0.935 | – | – |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2.68 (1.81–8.90) | 0.108 | – | – |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 2.54 (0.96–6.71) | 0.060 | – | 0.134 |
| qSOFA score | 2.86 (1.68–4.87) | < 0.001 | 2.80 (1.58–4.97) | 0.001 |
| Laboratory findings at admission | ||||
| White blood cell count (×109/L) | 1.19 (1.12–1.25) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Lymphocyte count (×109/L) | 0.29 (0.11–0.77) | 0.013 | – | 0.351 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.838 | – | – |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.112 | – | – |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 1.14 (1.07–1.21) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| HbA1c (%) | 1.09 (0.81–1.45) | 0.577 | – | – |
| Interleukin-6 ≥ 13.26 pg/mLa | 1.08 (0.49–2.36) | 0.856 | – | – |
| D-dimer ≥1 μg/mLa | 5.77 (1.99–16.69) | 0.001 | 3.28 (1.12–9.64) | 0.030 |
a Median value. HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HR hazard ratio, qSOFA quick sequential organ failure assessment