Figure 26.

(a) Tilted DPPC tail groups within an LC domain form discrete patches, within which tails are oriented in the same direction. The tilt orientation jumps by 60° from patch to patch, to accomodate the frustration between the tendency of tilt orientation to precess and the tendency of the hegaxonal headgroup lattice to maintain its order. (b) Bright lines indicate boundaries between patches of aligned tilt, across which tailgroup orientation abruptly changes. These high-energy lines exert a line tension internal to the drop, effectively ‘pulling’ in invaginations at the domain boundary. (a–b) reproduced from Dreier et al. (2012). (c) New tilt grain boundary lines form and grow in LC DPPC domain arms that had been stretched significantly. From Kim et al. (2018).