Table 1.
Selected potential chemolysis agents and concentrations
| Type of chemolysis agent | Agent* (Supplier) | Concentration (Purity %) |
|---|---|---|
| Organic solvents | Toluene (Bio Lab, Israel) | Neat (99.7%) |
| Ethanol (J.T. Baker, Holland) | Neat (99.5%) | |
| Acetone (Bio Lab, Israel) | Neat (99.8%) | |
| Acetonitrile (Bio Lab, Israel) | Neat (99.97%) | |
| Dimethylformamide, DMF (Merck) | Neat (99.8%) | |
| Tetrahydrofuran, THF (Sigma-Aldrich) | Neat (99.9%) | |
| Dimethylsulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich) | Neat (99.5%) | |
| Degradation of organic “cement” (binding agents) | H2O2 (Bio Lab, Israel) | 8.8 M (30%) |
| Copper nanoparticles + H2O2 (synthesized26, in house) | 0.24 mM CuNP + 1.5% H2O2 (30%) | |
| Fenton: pH 2–4, Fe2+, H2O2 (synthesized27, in house) | 1 mM Fe, 11 mM H2O2 (30%) | |
| Macerozyme R-10 plant digestion enzyme (Sigma-Aldrich) | 20–40 enzyme units | |
| Drain cleaner (commercial, enzyme-based; HG, Israel) | As received | |
| Barbecue grill cleaner (commercial, enzyme-based; HG, Israel) | As received | |
| Chelating agents and other agents | Potassium citrate, K3C6H5O7 · H2O (Sigma, USA) | 16 mM (98%) |
| EDTA (Sigma, USA) | 0.1 M, 1 M, 2.5 M (99%) | |
| SDS (Ridel-de-Haen, Germany) | 0.1 mM (90%) | |
| Triton X (Sigma, USA) | 0.15 mM (> 99%) | |
| NH4OH (Merck, Germany) | Concentrated 16.7 M (25%) | |
| Organic acids | Citric acid (Sigma-Aldrich) | 0.1 M (99%) |
| Ascorbic acid, vitamin C (Sigma, USA) | 0.1 M (> 99%) | |
| Nicotinic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) | 0.1 M (> 98%) | |
| Lactic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) | 0.1 M (> 85%) | |
| Oxalic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) | 0.3 M (> 85%) | |
| Acetic acid (Bio Lab, Israel) | 0.1 M, concentrated 16.7 M (99.8%) | |
| Apple (cider) vinegar (commercial, food store) | 5% | |
| Formic acid (J.T. Baker, Holland) | 0.1 M, concentrated 21.7 M (98%) |
*All agents were as received from manufacturers without further purification or modification