Table 3.

Potential fungal isolates used for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles and their applications in agriculture

Fungi	NPs	Shape and location	size (nm)	Applications in agriculture	Refd.
Fusarium oxysporum	CdS	Spherical Extracellular	5–20	Antibacterial activity	[131]
Fusarium solani	Ag	Spherical, extracellular	5–35	Textile fabrics, antifungal	[201]
Fusarium culmorum	Ag, Au, Pb, Cu	Spherical, extracellular	5–10	–	[202]
Aspergillus oryzae var. viridis	Au	Various shapes Mycelial surface	10–60	–	[128]
Aspergillus niger	Au	Nanowalls, spiral plates, polydispersed or spherical,	12.8–20	Toxic to mosquito larvae	[203]
	Ag	Spherical, extracellular	3–30	Antibacterial and antifungal activity	[204]
Aspergillus flavus	Ag	Spherical, On cell wall surface	8.92–17	–	[136]
Aspergillus clavitus	Au	Triangular, spherical and hexagonal Extracellular	24.4 ± 11	–	[205]
	Ag	Extracellular	100–200	Antimicrobial activity	[206]
Aspergillus terreus	Ag	Spherical, extracellular	1–20	–	[207]
Alternaria alternata	Ag, Cd	Spherical, extracellular	20–60	Enhancement in antifungal activity of fluconazole against Phoma glomerata and water quality monitoring, antifungal combined with Fluconazol	[208]
	Au	Spherical, triangular, hexagonal Extracellular	12 ± 5	–	[209]
Rhizopus stolonifer	Au	Irregular Extracellular	1–5	–	[210]
	Ag	Quasi-spherical	25–30	–	[210]
Rhizopus oryzae	Au	Nanocrystalline Cell surface	10	Nanopesticides	[211]
Phyllanthus amarus	Ag	Spherical, extracellular	30	–	[212]
Pleurotus sajor-caju	Au, Ag	Spherical, extracellular	20–40	–	[213]
Penicillium fellutanum	Ag	Mostly spherical, Extracellular	5–25	–	[214]
Penicillium strain J3	Ag	Mostly spherical	10–100	–	[215]
Penicillium brevicompactum WA2315	Ag	Spherical, extracellular	58.35 ± 17.88	–	[216]
Penicillium brevicompactum	Au	Spherical, triangular and hexagonal Extracellular	10–60	–	[217]
P. nagiovense AJ12	Ag	Spherical Cell-free filtrate	25 ± 2.8	–	[218]
P. rugulosum	Au	Spherical, triangular, hexagonal	20–80	–	[219]
Penicillium sp. 1–208	Au	Spherical Cell filtrate	30–50	–	[220]
Trichoderma viride	Ag	Mostly spherical	2–4	Biosensor and bio imaging	[238]
		Spherical, rod-like	5–40	Antibacterial activity Vegetable and fruit preservation	[239]
Trichoderma asperellum	Ag	Nanocrystalline or spherical Extracellular	13–18	–	[221]
Trichoderma reesei	Ag	Extracellular	5–50	–	[222]
Trichoderma Koningii	Au	Spheres Cell-free filtrate	10–40	–	[223]
Trichoderma harzianum	Cu, Ag	Spherical. Extracellular	20–35	Antifungal, Antiparasitic combined with Triclabendazol, Insecticide	[208]
Volvariella volvaceae	Au–Ag	Triangular, spherical, hexagonal Extracellular	20–150	–	[224]
Cladosporium cladosporioides	Ag	Mostly spherical or hexagonal Extracellular	10–100	–	[225]
Cylindrocladium floridanum	Au	Spherical Extracellular	19.5	–	[226]
Cochliobolus lunatus	Ag	Spherical. Extracellular	5–10	–	[227]
Coriolus versicolor	Ag	Spherical Intra- and extracellular	25–75, 444–491	–	[228]
	Au	Spherical and ellipsoidal Intra- and extracellular	20–100, 100–300	–	[240]
Verticillium sp.	Au	Spherical. Cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane and intracellular	20	–	[229]