Table 2.
List of commonly-used CAF markers and their expression
| Marker | Some other cells that express the marker | Expression change in CAF |
|---|---|---|
| α-SMA | Normal fibroblast, pericyte, smooth muscle cell, cardiomyocyte, breast myoepithelial cell | Upregulated |
| S100A4 (FSP1) | Normal fibroblast, endothelial cell, neuron, macrophage | Upregulated |
| Vimentin | Endothelial cell, neuron, adipocyte, breast myoepithelial cell, thyroid gland cell, hematopoietic cell, lymphoid cell | Upregulated |
| FAP | Activated fibroblast, CD45 + immune cell, smooth muscle cell, epithelial cell, glandular cell in multiple cell | Upregulated |
| PDGFRα | Astrocyte | Upregulated |
| PDGFRβ | Normal fibroblast, pericyte, vascular smooth muscle cell, neuron, myocardium | Upregulated |
| Caveolin (CAV1) | Normal fibroblast, squamous epithelial cell, type I pneumocyte, macrophage, adipocyte, | Upregulated or downregulated |
| Tenascin C (TNC) | Cancer cell, normal fibroblast | Upregulated |
| Desmin | Skin fibroblast, pericyte, muscle cell | Downregulated |
| Cavin-1 | Adipocyte, endothelial cell, breast myoepithelial cell, endothelial cell, macrophage, smooth muscle cell | Downregulated |
| Podoplanin (PDPN) | Lymphatic vessel | Upregulated |
| Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox-1 (ZEB1) | Adipocyte, smooth muscle cell, endothelial cell, glial cell, myocyte | Upregulated |