Table 1.

Microbial production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine

Strain	Salinitya (M)	Titer (g/L)	Productivity (g/L/h)	Yield (g/g)	Carbon source	References
Ectoine
H. elongata DSM142	2.57	7.4	0.22	0.11	Glucose	[30]
B. epidermis DSM 20659	1.42	8	0.08	0.05	Monosodium glutamate	[31]
H. salina DSM5928	1.81	14.86	0.32	0.14	Monosodium glutamate	[33]
H. salina BCRC17875	2.47	13.96	0.29	NA	Monosodium glutamate	[42]
H. hydrothermalis Y2	1.14	10.5	0.22	0.21b	Monosodium glutamate and glucose	[46]
E. coli DH5α (pASK-ectABC)	0.08	6	0.04	NA	Glucose	[32]
E. coli BW25113	0.4	25.1	1.04	NA	Glycerol and aspartate	[51]
E. coli ECT05	0.03	25.1	0.84	0.11	Glucose	[34]
E. coli DH5α (pASK_ectABCDm)	0.22	1.7	NA	0.36	Glycerol	[59]
C. glutamicum Ect-2	0.03	4.5	0.28	NA	Glucose	[66]
C. glutamicum Ecto5	0.01	22	0.32	0.16	Glucose	[68]
C. glutamicum ectABCopt	0.03	65	1.16	0.19c	Glucose and molasses	[35]
Hydroxyectoine
H. salina BCRC17875	0.56	2.9	NA	NA	Monosodium glutamate	[43]
H. polymorpha ALU3/EctBACD	0	2.8	0.02	NA	MeOH and sorbitol	[72]
E. coli FF4169 (pMP41)	0.4	2.13	0.09	NA	Glucose and ectoine	[57]
E. coli DH5α (pASK_ectABCDask)	0.26	1.6	NA	0.34	Glycerol	[59]

NA not available

^aThe salinity is shown as the combined concentration of sodium and potassium salts in the medium

^bThe yield here is calculated with monosodium glutamate

^cThe yield here is calculated with glucose and molasses