Table 2.

Components and roles of MSCEVs from different MSC sources.

MSCEV Components	Source	Biochemical Factors/Genes	Functions	References
Proteins	hAMSC	Neprilysin	Degradation of β-amyloid peptide (intracellular and extracellular) in neuroblastoma cell lines	[158]
	hBMSC	EGFR, PDGFRB, IGF2R and TGFBI	Self-renewal of MSCs	[165]
	hBMSC	PRKACA, CTNNB1, PPP2R1A, CHP, PRKCB, CAMK2D and 2G, and RAC1 and 2	Wnt signaling, self-renewal and differentiation of MSCs	[165]
	hBMSC	CD-9, 13, 29, 44, 63, 73, 81, 90, and 105	Surface antigen	[157,165]
	hBMSC	PPP2R1A, CD105, ENG, USP9X, COL1A2, and MAPK1	TGFβ signaling and differentiation of MSCs	[165]
	hBMSC	CDC42 and 81; RAC1 and 2; FLNA, B, and C; HSPAB, Bl, and A1A; RAP1A and B; PRKCB and ACA; CACNA2D1; CHP; PDGFRB; RRAS2; MAP4K4; NRAS; CAVI; PPP2RIA; EGFR; RRAS; GNG12; MAPKl; RAP1A; GNAI2; PRDX2; LPAR1; ITGA1; and SOD1	PPAR signaling and differentiation of MSCs	[165]
	hBMSC	ILK, ACSL4, and FABP5	PPAR signaling and differentiation of MSCs	[165]
	hBMSC	ENG, USP9X	BMP signaling and differentiation of MSCs	[165]
	hBMSC	HuR, TIA, and TIAR	T cell internal antigen	[162]
	hBMSC	Stau1 and Stau2	mRNA transportation and stability	[162]
	hBMSC	Ago2	Assists in transportation and processing of miRNAs	[162]
	hUMSC	IL6, MCP1, IGFI, UPAR, bFGF, VEGF, VEGFR2, and angiogenin	Promotes angiogenesis	[123,161]
	hUMSC	Wnt4	Enhances proliferation and migration	[162]
mRNA	hBMSC	IGF-1R	Improves proliferation of cells	[82]
	hBMSC	OR11H12, RAX2, OR2M3, GRIN3A, DDN, NIN, IBSP, BMP15, MAGED2, HK3, EPX, COL4A2, PKD2L2, CEACAM5, and SCNN1G	Mediates cell differentiation	[80]
	hBMSC	IRF6, CLOCK, RAX2, BCL6B, and TCFP2	Mediates transcription	[80]
	hBMSC	TOPORS, HMGN4, ELP4, ESF1, HNRPH2, and POLR2E	DNA/RNA binding	[80]
	hBMSC	RBL1, SENP2, S100A13, and CDC14B	Cell cycle	[80]
	hBMSC	CXCR7, CEACAM5, and CLEC2A	Receptors	[80]
	hBMSC	FUT3, ADAM15, ADM2, BDH2, RAB5A, and LTA4H	Mediates metabolism	[80]
	hBMSC	MT1X, CRLF1, and IL1RN	Immune regulation	[80]
	hBMSC	CTNNA1, DDN and MSN	Cytoskeleton	[80]
	hBMSC	IBSP and COL4A2	Extracellular matrix	[80]
	pAMSC	KDM6B, JMJD1C, and FOXP3	Encodes transcription factors of chromosome organization	[164]
	pAMSC	IFT57, MDM4, PDCD4 and PEG3	Encodes transcription factors of apoptosis	[164]
	pAMSC	HES1, TCF4 and HGF	Encodes transcription factors of proangiogenic pathways	[164]
	pAMSC	ZHX1; ZBTB1; and ZNF217, 238, 568, 461, and 667	Encodes zinc-finger transcription factors	[164]
	pAMSC	BAZ2B, TMF1, JMJD1C, NFKBIZ, PEG3, MYNN, KCNH6, SUFU, and RUNX1T1	Encodes transcription factors related to alternative splicing	[164]
miRNA	ratBMSC	miRNA-133b	Contributes to neurite outgrowth	[166]
	hBMSC	miRNA-148a, 135b, 199b, 218, and 221	Regulates differentiation of osteoblasts	[167]
	hBMSC	miRNA-15a	Inhibits multiple myeloma cell growth	[168]
	pAMSC	miRNA-148a and 378, let-7f, and miR532-5p	Regulates apoptosis, proteolysis angiogenesis, and cellular transport	[164]
	hBMSC	miRNA-21 and 34a	Regulates cell survival and proliferation	[156]
	hBMSC	miRNA-23b	Induces dormant phenotypes	[169]
	hBMSC	miRNA-16	Targets VEGF and suppresses angiogenesis	[170]
	hAMSC	miRNA-10a-5p, 10b-5p, 21-5p, 22-3p, 26a-5p, 51a-3p, 92a-3p, 92b-3p, 99b-5p, 100-5p, 127-3p, 143-3p, 146a-5p, 146b-5p, 191-5p, 222-3p, 486-5p, 4485; and let-7a-5p, and 7f-5p	Mediates replicative senescence and immunomodulation; regulates cell cycle progression and proliferation; modulates angiogenesis; promotes migration	[171]
	hBMSC	miRNA-10a-5p, 10b-5p, 21-5p, 22-3p, 27b-3p, 28-3p, 92a-3p, 92b-3p, 99b-5p, 100-5p, 125b-5p, 127-3p, 143-3p, 191-5p, 222-3p, 423-5p, 486-5p; let-7a-5p, 7f-5p, and 7i-5p	Assists ASC replicative senescence, immune modulatory function; promotes migration; regulates cell cycle progression and proliferation; modulates angiogenesis	[171]