Table 6.

Analysis of covariance between food and beverage consumption at breakfast and breakfast routine in mothers, stratified by gender.

Mothers’ Foods and Beverage Groups Consumption at Breakfast (Times per Week)	Boys’ Mother Breakfast Routine			Girls’ Mother Breakfast Routine
	Occasional Breakfast Consumers	Breakfast Consumers		Occasional Breakfast Consumers	Breakfast Consumers
	Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)	p *	Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)	p *
Fruits, berries and vegetables	2.35 (2.19, 2.51)	2.71 (2.63, 2.80)	<0.001	2.25 (2.10, 2.40)	2.77 (2.69, 2.84)	<0.001
Fruit juices fresh unsweetened	1.49 (1.36, 1.61)	1.63 (1.57, 1.69)	0.048	1.39 (1.27, 1.51)	1.63 (1.57, 1.69)	<0.001
Soft drinks sugar juices	1.08 (0.99, 1.17)	1.10 (1.02, 1.01)	0.043	1.10 (1.02, 1.18)	0.93 (0.89, 0.98)	<0.001
Milk or dairy products unsweetened	3.16 (2.99, 3.33)	4.15 (4.07, 4.24)	<0.001	3.14 (2.98, 3.31)	4.01 (3.93, 4.09)	<0.001
Milk or dairy products sweetened	1.55 (1.40, 1.70)	1.98 (1.91, 2.06)	<0.001	1.60 (1.46, 1.74)	1.94 (1.87, 2.01)	<0.001
Sweet or salty pastries	1.87 (1.75, 1.98)	1.92 (1.86, 1.97)	0.450	1.83 (1.73, 1.94)	1.84 (1.78, 1.89)	0.987
Low fiber cereal products	2.11 (1.96, 2.26)	2.44 (2.37, 2.52)	<0.001	2.08 (1.94, 2.22)	2.38 (2.31, 2.45)	<0.001
Whole-grain cereal products	2.15 (1.99, 2.31)	3.44 (3.36, 3.52)	<0.001	2.14 (1.99, 2.29)	3.44 (3.37, 3.52)	<0.001

* Statistical significance among different breakfast patterns. Significant p values are shown in bold font. Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were adjusted by the following covariates: country, maternal education and mother BMI. Breakfast consumers categories: Occasional breakfast consumers: mothers who usually consume breakfast 2–5 days/week; Breakfast consumers, mothers who usually consume breakfast 6 or 7 days/week.