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. 2021 Feb 24;10(3):336. doi: 10.3390/antiox10030336

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Potential effects of honeybee products on reproductive functions and assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) in mammals. BAX: bcl-2-like protein 4, Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2, C-MOS: complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor, E₂: estradiol-17β, FSH: follicle stimulating hormone, GDF-9: growth differentiation factor 9, IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor I, LH: luteinizing hormone, Nrf2-Keap-1: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-Keap-1, NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, P₄: progesterone, ROS: reactive oxygen species.