AC	Adenylyl cyclase	HMOs	Human milk oligosaccharides
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase	HMW	High-molecular weight
AOS	Alginate-oligosaccharides	HUS	Hemolytic uremic syndrome
B. breve	Bifidobacterium breve	IEC	Intestinal epithelial cells
B. cereus	Bacillus cereus	iK+	intracytoplasmic K+
B. fragilis	Bacteroides fragilis	IMOS	Isomalto-oligosaccharides
C. difficile	Clostridium difficile	InsP6	Inositolhexakisphosphate
C. perfringens	Clostridium perfringens	L. rhamnosus	Lactobacillus rhamnosus
cAMP	cyclic AMP	LMW	Low-molecular weight
CDI	C. difficile infections	LNFP	Lacto-N-fucopentaose
CDT	C. difficile transferase	LNnh	Lacto-N-hexaose
CFTR	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatror	LSR	Lipoprotein receptor
cGMP	cyclic GMP	LT	Heat-labile enterotoxin
COS	Chito-oligosaccharides/chitosan-oligosaccharides	ManA	D-Mannuronic acid
CPB	C. perfringens beta toxin	MHC	Major histocompatibility complex
CPE	C. perfringens enterotoxin	MOS	Mannan-oligosaccharides
CROP	Combined repetitive peptides	MRSA	Methicillin-resistant S. Aureus
CSPG4	Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan4	MUC2	Mucin2
CT	Cholera toxin	MW	Molecular weight
CypA	Cyclophilin A	NDOs	Non-digestible oligosaccharides
CytK	Cytotoxin K	NetB	Necrotic enteritis B-like toxin
DA	Degree of acetylation	Nhe	Non-hemolytic enterotoxin
DC	Dendritic cells	NHE3	Na+/H+ exchanger 3
DD	Degree of deacetylation	PDE3	Phosphodiesterase 3
DP	Degree of polymerization	PFT	Pore-forming toxins
E. coli	Escherichia coli	PKA	Protein kinase A
EPB	Enterotoxin-producing bacteria	PLC	Phospholipase C
EPEC	Enteropathogenic E. coli	POS	Pectic-oligosaccharides
EPS	Extracellular polymeric substance	PVRL3	Poliovirus receptor-like protein
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum	S. Aureus	Staphylococcus Aureus
ETEC	Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli	SAgs	Superantigens
FOS	Fructo-oligosaccharides	SCFA	Short chain fatty acids
Fuc	Fucose	Sec	Secretory
Gal	Galactose	SEs	Staphylococcal Enterotoxins
GalA	D-Galacturonic acid	SI	Sucrose-isomaltase
GC-C	Guanylyl cyclase C	SOS	Sialylated-oligosaccharides
GI	Gastrointestinal	ST	Heat-stable enterotoxin
Glc	Glucose	STEC	Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
GlcN	D-glucosamine	Stx	Shiga toxin
GlcNAc	N-acetylglucosamine	TcdA	C. difficile toxin A
GOS	Galacto-oligosaccharides	TcdB	C. difficile toxin B
Gs	G protein	TCR	T-cell receptors
GTD	Glucosyltransferase domain	TJ	Tight junctions
GTP	Guanosine triphosphate	TSST-1	toxic shock syndrome toxin-1
GulA	D-Guluronic acid	UDP	Uridine diphosphate
HBL	Hemolytic hemolysin B	V. cholerea	Vibrio cholerea
HDAC	Histone deacetylase	VTEC	Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli
HIF	Hypoxia-inducible factor	XOS	Xylo-oligosaccharides