Table 5.
Commercial plant-based products available in the EU and USA markets, their active substances, origin and target pests.
| Active Substance | Plant Source | Target Pest | Commercial Product |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pyrethrins | Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium | Effective against many insect orders | Azera Gardening BotaniGard®MAXX PyGanic Gardening Monterey Bug Buster-O Bug spray Persian Powder Pyganic Tersus |
| Rotenone | Derris elliptica |
Leptinotarsa decemlineata Diabrotica undecimpunctata Alticini spp. Hellula undalis Byturus tomentosus Crioceris asparagi |
Derris Cube Tuba |
| Sabadilla | Sabadilla officinarum | Effective against many insect orders |
Red Dog Natural Guard Sabadilla 30c |
| Ryania | Salicaceae family plants | Effective against many insect orders |
Ryanodine Natur Gro R-50 Natur Gro Triple Plus Ryanicide Ryan 50 |
| Nicotine | Nicotiana tabacum | Effective against many insect orders, especially beetles |
Golden leaf tobacco spray |
| d-Limonene | Citrus fruits | Effective against many insect orders |
Limonene Bardac 22 |
| Linalool | Flowers of different plant families | Effective against many insect orders |
Bugx-30 Deet Ben S Natrapel Sting Relief |
| Neem | Azadirachta indica | Effective against many insect orders |
Neem oil 70% Nimbio-Sys Aza-Direct AzaGuard Azatin Azatrol Azera Aztec TriAct Molt-X Neemix Ornazin |
| Capsicum oleoresin extract + Garlic oil |
Capsicum spp. Allium sativum |
Effective against many insect Orders |
Captiva |
| Rosemary oil + peppermint oil + geraniol | Several plants of different plant families | Homoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Arachnids: aphids, beetles, plant bugs, whiteflies, mites, thrips and caterpillars | Ecotrol Plus |
| Soybean oil | Glycine max | Earworm root worms and fall armyworm | Golden Pest Spray Oil |
| Chenopodium ambrosioides extract | Chenopodium ambrosioides | Diptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera: leafminers, thrips and whiteflies |
Requiem |
| Trans anethole + thymol Thymol + citronellal Terpineol + citronellal |
Various leaf and flower extract oils | Spodoptera litura | Binary mixture oil |
| Leaf extract | Melia toosendan | Peridroma saucia | Mixture oils |
| Linalool + 1,8-cineole linalool + terpineol or thymol 1,8-cineole + terpineol or thymol |
Cedrus spp. Lavandula angustifolia Mentha pulegium Eucalyptus spp. Citronella spp. |
Chilo partellus | Binary mixture oil |
| Peniocerol + macdougallin |
Myrtillocactus geometrizans | Tenebrio molitor | Binary mixture oil |
| Methanol extract | Fagopyrum esculentum | Myzus persicae | Plant extract |
| Coumarins, monoterpenes + sesquiterpenes | Plant of family Apiaceae Pinus sylvestris |
Acanthoscelides obtectus
Tribolium castaneum Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Hylotrupes bajulus |
Oils |
| Essential oils + extracts |
Ageratum conyzoides | Effective against many insect orders, especially Plutella xylostella |
Ageratum extract |
| Leaf extract | Origanum vulgare |
P. xylostella
Trichoplusia ni |
Leaf extract |
Data about commercial products names, active substances and their origin as well as use were taken from commercial websites and/or product labels.