Figure 1.

Brief historical evolution of genomics. Origins of classic genetic knowledge are undoubtedly based on Mendel’s discoveries on the inheritance of characters in plants in the XIX century. During the early XX century concepts of genes and chromosome theory became consolidated. Later, during the XX century advances on the chemical basis of inheritance, the breaking of the genetic code and gene regulation discoveries marked the development of genomics and the development of genomic tools in animal science. An impacting development in genomics was the sequencing of the whole human genome in the early XXI century, followed by the ultimate application of this knowledge, the discovery of the gene-editing tools. This led to the awarding of the Nobel Prize to women researchers Charpentier and Doudna in 2020 [14,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37].