Table 2.
Composition of the WPC-A-EV, WPC-PL and SL emulsifiers.
| Constituents (% of Sample) | WPC-A-EV | WPC-PL | SL |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dry matter | 96.7 | 95.7 | N/A |
| Ash | 4.9 | 1.9 | N/A |
| Lactose | 0.23 | 0.5 | N/A |
| Fat | 24.1 | 18.0 | N/A |
| Phospholipids | 11.04 | 6.87 | 43.29 |
| Phosphatidyl-choline | 2.99 | 1.88 | 13.49 |
| Lyso-phosphatidylcholine | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.63 |
| Phosphatidylinositol | 0.60 | 0.45 | 11.34 |
| Lyso-phosphatidylinositol | N/A | N/A | ND |
| Phosphatidylserine | 1.06 | 0.73 | 0.26 |
| Lyso-phosphatidylserine | N/A | N/A | ND |
| Sphingomyelin | 2.94 | 1.69 | ND |
| Phosphatidylethanolamine | 3.28 | 2.06 | 7.20 |
| Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.25 |
| N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine | N/A | N/A | 3.73 |
| Phosphatidylglycerol | N/A | N/A | 0.42 |
| Di-phosphatidylglycerol | N/A | N/A | 0.44 |
| Phosphatidic acid | 0 | 0.01 | 4.34 |
| Lysophosphatidic acid | N/A | N/A | 0.16 |
| Other phospholipids | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.96 |
| Ganglioside D3 (mg/kg) | 2942 | 1702 | N/A |
| Cholesterol | 1.43 | 0.68 | N/A |
| Protein | 65.7 | 73.0 | N/A |
| Native α-lactalbumin | 4.68 | 0.88 | N/A |
| Native β-lactoglobulin | 22.4 | 19.1 | N/A |
| Native cGMP | 0 | 2.87 | N/A |
| Total α-lactalbumin | 5.41 | 3.49 | N/A |
| Total β-lactoglobulin | 25.8 | 28.1 | N/A |
WPC-A-EV: whey protein concentrate from acid whey enriched in extracellular vesicles; WPC-PL: whey protein concentrate enriched in phospholipids; SL: soy lecithin; N/A: not assessed; ND: not detected.