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. 2021 Feb 25;11(3):570. doi: 10.3390/nano11030570

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Summary of the beneficial effects of EVs in cardiac repair. Administration of EVs in MI preclinical models showed that EVs modulate a regenerative response in several cardiac cells, including cardiomyocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Together, these cell-level effects result in the reduction of infarct size and the improvement of cardiac function after MI.