Exhibit 1:

Summary statistics

Variable	April 2020	January 2011–April 2020
Counts (n)
Individual-months	241,500,000	26,680,000,000
Deaths	276,000	22,400,000
Summary statistics
Average age (years)	45.14	44.28
Female (%)	51.17	51.23
Geography (%)
Northeast	17.43	17.72
Midwest	21.99	22.29
South	37.67	37.34
West	22.91	22.66
Race (%)
White, Non-Hispanic	65.96	67.36
Hispanic	14.70	13.67
Black, non-Hispanic	12.57	12.32
Asian, non-Hispanic	5.27	5.18
American Indian and Alaskan, non-Hispanic	0.19	0.19
Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	0.40	0.38

SOURCE Authors’ calculations from Census Numident 2011–2020, 2010 Decennial Census, 2010 Census Modeled Race File, and 2010–19 Master Address File Auxiliary Reference File. NOTES Table shows summary statistics for the baseline analytic data set constructed from the US Census Bureau version of the Social Security Administration’s Numerical Identification System database covering population and deaths from January 2011 to April 2020. The first column shows summary statistics for people who were alive at the start of April 2020. The second column shows summary statistics for all people in our baseline analytic data set who were alive as of January 1, 2011, and who were tracked until April 2020 (inclusively). All results were approved for release by the US Census Bureau, authorization number CBDRB-FY21-ERD002-003.