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Variation of the major volatile compounds of Piper nigrum L. (CONTROL) leaves after inoculation with Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis (FUS) and co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and F. solani f. sp. piperis (AMF + FUS). (a) α-muurolene; (b) 2E-hexenal; (c) α-muurulol. Different letters mean significant statistical difference by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).
