Table 2.
Mean N. ceranae spore number per bee ± SE of non-infected (negative control) or infected bees fed sugar syrup (positive control) or sugar syrup containing prebiotics or probiotics.
| Treatment | Mean Spore Number (Spores/Bee ± SE) | Means Comparison 1 |
|---|---|---|
| Negative control | 0.00 × 100 ± 0.00 × 100 | d |
| Positive control | 1.70 × 107 ± 2.06 × 106 | a |
| Acacia gum | 5.58 × 106 ± 1.08 × 106 | c |
| Inulin | 1.34 × 107 ± 3.48 × 106 | a,b |
| Protexin Concentrate single-strain | 7.04 × 106 ± 7.28 × 105 | c |
| Protexin Concentrate multi-strain | 1.12 × 107 ± 2.05 × 106 | b |
| Fructooligosaccharides | 1.17 × 107 ± 1.64 × 106 | b |
| Vetafarm Probotic | 1.54 × 107 ± 3.18 × 106 | a,b |
1 Treatments followed by the same letter are not significantly different based on ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD tests on Log10 transformed data.