Table 3.
Mean bee mortality ± SE (%) of non-infected (negative control) and N. ceranae-infected bees fed sugar syrup (positive control) or sugar syrup containing prebiotics or probiotics.
| Treatment | Mortality (% ± SE) 1 | Means Comparison 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Negative control | 6.15 ± 0.0 | b |
| Positive control | 7.94 ± 1.96 | b |
| Acacia gum | 62.2 ± 18.3 | a |
| Inulin | 16.6 ± 7.96 | b |
| Fructooligosaccharides | 15.9 ± 9.12 | b |
| Protexin Concentrate single-strain | 8.44 ± 1.87 | b |
| Protexin Concentrate multi-strain | 7.36 ± 5.38 | b |
| Vetafarm Probotic | 3.86 ± 2.12 | b |
1 Bees that died within the first 48 h were excluded from the analysis. 2 Treatments followed by the same letter are not significantly different based on ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD tests on arcsine square root transformed data.