Table 2.
Equations of the models of trait variations over time in both habitats. Equations are composed of the estimated parameters with the standard errors in brackets. NS means that the estimator is not significantly different from 0; parameters in bold indicate a significant difference between the two habitats (significance level: 5%). DAY: Julian day of the year.
| Modeled Trait Variable | Plant | Habitat | Equation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion of eusocial species (GLMM, Binomial family) |
L. corniculatus | Rural | −0.25 (0.49, NS) + 5.22 (3.36, NS) × DAY |
| Urban | 0.45 (0.47, NS) + 20.61 (3.32) × DAY | ||
| S. alba | Rural | −0.61 (0.47, NS) + 5.22 (3.36, NS) × DAY | |
| Urban | 0.09 (0.45, NS) + 20.61 (3.32) × DAY | ||
| Proportion of ground-nesting species (GLMM, Binomial family) |
L. corniculatus | Rural | −0.80 (0.37) + −28.02 (3.20) × DAY |
| Urban | −1.80 (0.33) + −28.02 (3.20) × DAY | ||
| S. alba | Rural | 1.85 (0.26) + −28.02 (3.20) × DAY | |
| Urban | 2.03 (0.25) + −28.02 (3.20) × DAY | ||
| ITD (log) genus Bombus (LMM, Gaussian family) |
L. corniculatus | Rural | 1.25 (0.03) + −1.12 (0.24) × DAY + 1.31 (0.24) × DAY² |
| Urban | 1.22 (0.01) + −0.46 (0.14) × DAY + 0.39 (0.15) × DAY² | ||
| S. alba | Rural | 1.10 (0.05) + −1.12 (0.24) × DAY + 1.31 (0.24) × DAY² | |
| Urban | 1.29 (0.03) + −0.46 (0.14) × DAY + 0.39 (0.15) × DAY² | ||
| ITD (log) Other wild bees (LMM, Gaussian family) |
L. corniculatus | Rural | 0.65 (0.05) + 2.81 (0.89) × DAY |
| Urban | 0.85 (0.04) + 2.81 (0.89) × DAY | ||
| S. alba | Rural | 0.21 (0.02) + −1.56 (0.29) × DAY | |
| Urban | 0.24 (0.02) + −1.56 (0.29) × DAY |