Table 4.
Effects of xylanase supplementation in swine and poultry feeds.
| Animal | BW | Age, Day | Duration, Day | Xylanase Activity | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Broiler | 45 g | 1 | 35 | 1875, 3750, 5625 XU/kg | Linear increase in BWG (2%), AID of DM, CP and GE, VH:CD, Lactobacillus populations in ileum and cecum. Decreased FCR (3%) and cecal E. coli populations (15%). | [198] |
| Broiler | ND | 1 | 42 | 16,000 BXU/kg | Decreased ileal digesta viscosity (19%) and lactic acid in cecum. Increased soluble arabinose and xylose residues in ileum, increased Bifidobacterium spp, acetic and butyric acids in cecum. | [199] |
| Broiler | ND | 1 | 24 | 16,000 BXU/kg | Improved BWG (2%) and reduced FCR (3%) and jejunal digesta viscosity (30%). | [200] |
| Broiler | ND | 1 | 28 | 16,000 BXU/kg | Increased DM retention, NEp (3%), energy retained as fat (5%) and efficiency of energy retained as fat (6%). | [201] |
| Broiler | ND | 1 | 40 | 12,000, 24,000 BXU/kg | No difference in growth performance or total VFA concentration. | [202] |
| Broiler | ND | 1 | 49 | 16,000, 32,000 BXU/kg | Improved FCR (6%). Improved AID of energy in wheat-based diet. 32,000 BXU/kg increased isovaleric and caproic acid content. | [203] |
| Broiler 1 | ND | 1 | 21 | 16,000 BXU/kg | Increased FI (8%) and BWG (12%). Improved FCR (2%). | [204] |
| Broiler 2 | ND | 1 | 21 | 5500 XU/kg | Increased VH:CD in jejunum (4%). Decreased plasma endotoxin levels. Increased occludin mRNA expression in ileum (22%). | [205] |
| Broiler | ND | 1 | 42 | 16,000 XU/kg | No effect on BWG, FI, FCR or carcass traits. Increased serum insulin. Interaction with dietary ME on serum peptide YY concentration. | [206] |
| Broiler | ND | 1 | 49 | 16,000 BXU/kg | Birds fed reduced energy diet supplemented with xylanase had performance equivalent to control group. Improved FCR during grower and finisher phase (7%). | [207] |
| Pig | 7.2 kg | 21 | 24 | 45,000 XU/kg | Increased ADG (6%). Reduced viscosity of jejunal digesta (13%), mucosal MDA (17%), crypt depth (10%) and crypt cell proliferation (15%). | [5] |
| Pig | 7.2 kg | 28 | 28 | 4000 XU/kg | Improved ATTD of DM (2%), energy (8%), NDF (23%), ADF (19%), hemicellulose (25%), and phosphorus (29%). | [208] |
| Pig | 7.5 kg | 23 | 20 | 1500 EPU/kg | Increased concentration of SCFA (20%), villus height in duodenum (8%), proliferation rate in crypt of jejunum. Reduced viscosity of jejunal digesta (26%). | [24] |
| Pig 3 | 7.9 kg | 21 | 20 | 10,000 XU/kg | Increased ADG in phase 1 (44%), villus height (13%) and VH:CD ratio (22%). Reduced crypt depth and Ki-67+ (7%). | [6] |
| Pig | 10.7 kg | 42 | 21 | 1500 EPU/kg | Increased ADG (7%), AID of GE (7%) and NDF (14%), crypt depth in duodenum (11%). Reduced viscosity of jejunal digesta (14%) and plasma TNF-α (36%). | [83] |
| Pig | 14.2 kg | 49 | 35 | 8000, 16,000, 32,000 BXU/kg | No effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, VFA concentration or peptide YY concentration. | [209] |
| Pig | 17.6 kg | ND | 10 | 700, 1400 LXU/kg | Enhanced ileal digestibility of NDF, DM (14%), OM (13%), and energy (14%) (1400 LXU/kg). Reduced viscosity of jejunal digesta (14%) (700 LXU/kg). | [4] |
| Pig | 24.3 kg | ND | 21 | 450, 900, 1800 XU/kg | Improved ADG (14–16%), AID of DM (2–4%), histidine, and glutamic acid. Increased fecal and ileal Lactobacillus populations. Reduced fecal and ileal E. coli counts. | [210] |
| Pig | 25.8 kg | ND | 16 | 24,000 BXU/kg | Increased AID of GE (15%) and NDF (41%) in dry wheat diets. Increased AID of NDF (32%) in liquid DDGS diets. Increased crypt depth (14%) of jejunum in DDGS-fed pigs. | [211] |
| Pig | 34.8 kg | ND | 14 | 16,000 BXU/kg | Improved ATTD of GE (1%), DM (1%) and TDF (10%) | [212] |
1 1500 FTU/kg of phytase added, diet deficient in Ca (0.20%), available phosphorus (0.18%), ME by 80 kcal/kg and amino acids (5%). 2 Challenged with Clostridium perfringens. 3 Challenged with ETEC, supplemented with probiotic Bacillus sp. 2 × 108 CFU/kg. XU, the amount of enzyme that releases 1 micromole of reducing moieties from 1.5% arabinoxylan substrate solution per minute at pH 5.0 and 40 °C. BWG, body weight gain. AID, apparent ileal digestibility. DM, dry matter. CP, crude protein. GE, gross energy. VH:CD, villus height to crypt depth ratio. FCR, feed conversion ratio. ND, no data. NEp, net energy for production. VFA, volatile fatty acid. BXU, one BXU is defined as the amount of enzyme that produces 1 nmol reducing sugars from birchwood xylan in 1 s at 50 °C and pH 5.3. FI, feed intake. ME, metabolizable energy. ADG, average daily gain. MDA, malondialdehyde. ATTD, apparent total tract digestibility. NDF, neutral detergent fiber. ADF, acid detergent fiber. EPU, one EPU is the amount of enzyme which releases 0.0083 μmol of reducing sugars (xylose equivalent) per minute from oat spelt xylan at pH 4.5 and 50 °C. SCFA, short-chain fatty acid. TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α. LXU, one LXU is defined as the amount of enzyme which releases 1 μmol of reducing sugars equivalents (as xylose or glucose) from birch xylan or barley glucan per minute at pH 5.5 and 50 °C. OM, organic matter. DDGS, dried distiller grains with solubles. TDF, total dietary fiber.