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. 2021 Feb 26;9(3):494. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030494

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of NSP1 and NSP13 on the NLRP3 inflammasome in THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells were electroporated with either pEF1α-DEST or pEF1α-DEST expressing c-Myc-tagged NSP1 WT, NSP1 QM, NSP13 WT or NSP13 ∆1A/2A. Twenty hours later, the cells were differentiated by incubation with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), followed by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 15 h and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for 1 h. (A) Caspase-1 activity measured by Caspase Glo®1 Inflammasome assays. (B) Mature IL-1β secretion in culture supernatants measured by ELISA. (C and D) Protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, caspase-1 p20, IL-1β, c-Myc and tubulin in THP-1 cells expressing (C) NSP1 WT and QM and (D) NSP13 WT and ∆1A/2A determined by Western blotting. The results of Caspase Glo®1 inflammasome assays and IL-1β ELISA are representative of three independent experiments. * p < 0.001 by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-tests. Sup, supernatant.