Table 4. Odds ratios of unmet need for modern contraception by counseling timing and women’s sociodemographic characteristics, in the postpartum period (N = 21280 women; N = 35613 observations).

	OR	95% CI	p-value	aOR	95% CI	p-value
Counseling timing (Ref: None)
Pre-discharge	0·85	0·80, 0·91	< .001	0·86	0·80, 0·93	< .001
Post-discharge	0·82	0·76, 0·88	< .001	0·86	0·79, 0·93	< .001
Pre- and post-discharge	0·68	0·63, 0·74	< .001	0·73	0·67, 0·80	< .001
Husband is away at follow-up	7·26	6·78, 7·76	< .001	7·58	7·07, 8·13	< .001
Age at baseline (Ref: <21)
21–25	1·05	0·99, 1·12	.109	1·08	0·99, 1·19	.005
26–30	1·10	1·02, 1·18	.010	1·36	1·22, 1·52	< .001
31–35	1·12	1·01, 1·25	.036	1·61	1·40, 1·84	< .001
>35	1·03	0·81, 1·31	.817	1·68	1·37, 2·08	< .001
Parity at baseline (Ref: 1)
2	1·01	0·96, 1·06	.760	1·04	0·97, 1·12	.185
3 or more	0·81	0·75, 0·88	< .001	0·83	0·74, 0·93	.003
Ever used any method of family planning at baseline	0·59	0·56, 0·62	< .001	0·55	0·52, 0·58	< .001
Age at first marriage (Ref: <20)
20–24	1·00	0·95, 1·06	.862	0·87	0·81, 0·93	< .001
25–29	0·98	0·89, 1·09	.778	0·74	0·65, 0·85	< .001
>29	1·11	0·84, 1·47	.449	0·79	0·57, 1·08	.164
Ethnicity (Ref: Hill Brahmin)
Chhetri	0·91	0·84, 0·99	.034	0·83	0·75, 0·91	< .001
Janajaat	0·77	0·72, 0·82	< .001	0·80	0·74, 0·87	< .001
Madhesi	0·93	0·83, 1·04	.190	1·12	0·99, 1·27	.073
Dalit	0·83	0·76, 0·90	< .001	0·84	0·76, 0·92	< .001
Muslim	0·99	0·85, 1·14	.856	1·04	0·88, 1·23	.622
Other	0·86	0·72, 1·04	.123	0·90	0·74, 1·09	.268
Region at baseline (Ref: Hill or mountain)
Terai	0·97	0·86, 1·10	.682	0·93	0·82, 1·07	.286
Ever had abortion(s) before at baseline	0·88	0·79, 0·99	.032	1·04	0·91, 1·18	.606
Education at baseline (Ref: None)
Some Primary	0·87	0·76, 0·99	.040	0·92	0·79, 1·06	.230
Completed primary	0·90	0·78, 1·04	.149	0·89	0·76, 1·04	.113
Some secondary	0·92	0·84, 1·02	.117	0·88	0·78, 0·98	.019
Completed secondary	0·98	0·88, 1·09	.661	0·94	0·83, 1·07	.311
More than secondary	1·13	1·02, 1·25	.017	1·14	1·01, 1·29	.041
Sex composition of living children at follow-up (Ref: A son alive)
Only daughters alive	0·28	0·20, 0·38	< .001	0·26	0·17, 0·41	< .001
No living children	0·98	0·93, 1·03	.470	0·98	0·92, 1·04	.370
Index child died at follow-up	0·51	0·42, 0·61	< .001	0·88	0·68, 1·14	.311
Months since delivery (Ref: ≤12)
13–18	0·92	0·86, 0·98	.010	0·89	0·83, 0·95	.003
19–24	0·81	0·78, 0·85	< .001	0·78	0·74, 0·82	< .001
>24	0·79	0·71, 0·87	< .001	0·76	0·68, 0·86	< .001

Notes: Sampling weights constructed using inverse probability weighting. All regression models adjusted for hospital and month fixed effects. Models include women’s random effect.

Abbreviations: OR = odds ratios; aOR = adjusted odds ratios.