Table 1. Summary of studies comparing KRAS/All-RAS mutation status in cfDNA and tumor tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients.
| Author, year | Sample size | Technique used for cfDNA samples | Sample type for cfDNA | Technique used for tissue samples | Region of the study | Type of colorectal caner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bidard et al, 2019 [48] | 125 | digital droplet PCR (Bio-Rad) | Plasma | standard routine technique | Europe | metastatic |
| Sclafani et al, 2018 [49] | 90 | digital droplet PCR (Bio-Rad) | Plasma | PCR & Sanger sequencing | Europe | primary |
| Kang et al, 2020 [13] | 48 | NGS (customized panel) | Plasma | Sanger sequencing | Asia | metastatic |
| Kato et al, 2019 [19] | 76 | NGS (Guardant360, Guardant Health) | Plasma | NGS (Foundation One, Foundation Medicine) | America | either primary or metastatic |
| Chang et al, 2018 [29] | 5 | NGS (275-gene panel from Qiagen) | Plasma | NGS (275-gene panel from Qiagen) | Asia | either primary or metastatic |
| Garcia et al, 2018 [30] | 28 | Beads, Emulsion, Amplification and Magnetics (BEAMing) (OncoBEAM™-RAS-CRC kita) | Plasma | NGS (customized Ampliseq library,) | Europe | metastatic |
| Wang et al, 2017 [31] | 97 | NGS (commercial panel from SinoMD) | Plasma | standard routine technique | Asia | metastatic |
| Kidess-Sigal et al, 2016 [50] | 3 | NGS (SCODAb mutation enrichment and detection technology) | Plasma | Sanger sequencing | America | metastatic |
| Kim et al, 2015 [32] | 29 | NGS (Guardant360, Guardant Health) | Plasma | Sanger sequencing | Asia | metastatic |
| Vessies et al, 2020 [33] | 6 | BEAMing (OncoBEAM™-RAS-CRC kita) | Plasma | standard of care | Europe | metastatic |
| Cao et al, 2020 [34] | 35 | NGS (customized 605-gene panel) | Plasma | NGS (whole exome sequencing) | Asia | either primary or metastatic |
| Gupta et al, 2020 [35] | 75 | NGS (Guardant360, Guardant Health) | Plasma | NGS (Foundation One, Foundation Medicine) | America | metastatic |
| Kitagawa et al, 2019 [14] | 40 | digital droplet PCR (Bio-Rad) | Serum | ARMS or Luminex | Asia | either primary or metastatic |
| Galbiati et al, 2019 [51] | 20 | digital droplet PCR (Bio-Rad) | Plasma | MassARRAY (Sequenom) | Europe | metastatic |
| Choi et al, 2019 [36] | 61 | NGS (Guardant360, Guardant Health) | Plasma | NGS (Foundation One, Foundation Medicine) | America | either primary or metastatic |
| Liebs, et al, 2019 [18] | 53 | digital droplet PCR (Bio-Rad) | Plasma | digital droplet PCR (Bio-Rad) | Europe | either primary or metastatic |
| Osumi et al, 2019 [37] | 101 | NGS (Oncomine™ Colon cfDNA assay) | Plasma | PCR (RASKET KIT, Luminex) | Asia | metastatic |
| Galbiati et al, 2019 [52] | 30 | digital droplet PCR (Bio-Rad) | Plasma | MassARRAY (Sequenom) | Europe | metastatic |
| Takayama et al, 2018 [53] | 85 | digital droplet PCR (Bio-Rad) | Plasma | ARMS/PCR (RASKET kit) | Asia | metastatic |
| Yao et al, 2018 [38] | 64 | NGS (Sureselect, Agilent, targeting KRAS/NRAS/HRAS/BRAF) | Plasma | ARMS (Human KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations detection kitc) | Asia | metastatic |
| Sun et al, 2018 [39] | 11 | NGS (customized 85-gene colorectal cancer gene panel) | Plasma | NGS (customized 85-gene colorectal cancer gene panel) | Asia | either primary or metastatic |
| Normanno et al, 2018 [40] | 92 | BEAMing (OncoBEAM™-RAS-CRC kita) | Plasma | NGS (AmpliSeq Colon and Lung Cancer Panel, ThermoFisher) | Europe | metastatic |
| Garcia-Foncillas et al, 2018 [41] | 236 | BEAMing (OncoBEAM™-RAS-CRC kita) | Plasma | standard of care (Pyrosequencing/Cobas/Therascreen/Idylla/CLART-CMA kit) | Europe | metastatic |
| Beije et al, 2016 [42] | 12 | NGS (customized 21-gene CRC-specific panel) | Plasma | NGS (customized 21-gene CRC-specific panel) | Europe | metastatic |
| Sefrioui et al, 2017 [54] | 29 | QuantStudio™ 3D digital PCR | Plasma | SNaPshot multiplex assay | Europe | metastatic |
| Grasselli et al, 2017 [43] | 117 | BEAMing (OncoBEAM™-RAS-CRC kita) | Plasma | BEAMing (OncoBEAM™-RAS-CRC kita) | Europe | metastatic |
| Schmiegel et al, 2017 [44] | 98 | BEAMing (OncoBEAM™-RAS-CRC kita) | Plasma | standard of care (Pyrosequencing/Sanger sequencing/NGS) | Europe | metastatic |
| Vidal et al, 2017 [45] | 115 | BEAMing (OncoBEAM™-RAS-CRC kita) | Plasma | standard of cared | Europe | metastatic |
| Beranek et al, 2016 [47] | 32 | NGS (Somatic 1e) | Plasma | Standard routine technique | Europe | metastatic |
| Rachiglio et al, 2016 [46] | 35 | NGS (22-gene Oncomine™ Solid Tumor DNA kit, Life Technologies) | Plasma | Pyrosequencing (Therascreen KRAS and NRAS Pyro kit, Qiagen) | Europe | metastatic |
| Yamada et al, 2016 [55] | 94 | QuantStudio™ 3D digital PCR | Plasma | MEBGEN-Luminex method | Asia | metastatic |
| Spindler et al, 2015 [20] | 211 | ARMS-based in-house assay | Plasma | ARMS-based in-house assay | Europe | metastatic |
| Taly et al, 2013 [12] | 50 | picodroplet digital PCR | Plasma | quantitative PCR | Europe | metastatic |
aFrom Sysmex Inostics, which targets 34 variants in KRAS and NRAS genes.
bSequence-specific synchronous coefficient of drag alteration.
cFrom Beijing ACCB Biotech, which targets KRAS/NRAS codons 12, 13, 59, 61, 117, 146, and BRAF codon 600.
dTherascreen KRAS RGQ PCR kit (Qiagen), COBAS KRAS mutation test (Roche), or pyrosequencing (PyroMark, Qiagen).
eFrom Multiplicom, Belgium, which targets BRAF, KRAS, and NRAS.