Table 2.
Baseline clinical characteristics.
| Baseline Parameters |
EVCO (n = 14) |
Placebo (n = 11) |
EVCO plus Training (n = 11) |
Placebo plus Training (n = 9) |
p Valor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men n (%) † | 7 (46.0%) | 7 (63.0%) | 8 (73%) | 7 (88%) | 0.390 |
| Age (years) | 49.6 ± 9.9 | 35.0 ± 9.3 | 42.8 ± 9.0 | 37.0 ± 12.3 | 0.006 # |
| BMI | 29.8 ± 5.8 | 28.6 ± 5.4 | 27.9 ± 4.7 | 31.4 ± 4.2 | 0.622 |
| Total cholesterol | 198.6 ± 36.3 | 163.2 ± 36.3 | 195.0 ± 48.5 | 197.1 ± 85.5 | 0.433 |
| HDL-cholesterol | 38.9 ± 12.7 | 45.7 ± 13.0 | 55.2 ± 10.3 | 38.4 ± 12.9 | 0.009# |
| LDL-cholesterol | 82.2 ± 8.8 | 60.7 ± 16.1 | 94.6 ± 26.2 | 77.2 ± 27.9 | 0.039# |
| Non-HDL cholesterol | 167.3 ± 59.3 | 117.5 ± 34.9 | 139.7 ± 50.1 | 158.6 ± 84.4 | 0.355 |
| Triglycerides | 158.6 ± 66.2 | 108.6 ± 47.0 | 168.1 ± 51.3 | 148.4 ± 97.2 | 0.299 |
| Glucose | 89.2 ± 13.1 | 82.2 ± 12.8 | 90.9 ± 10.0 | 89.5 ± 14.4 | 0.492 |
| MDA a | 2.29 ± 0.3 | 2.18 ± 0.2 | 2.65 ± 0.3 | 2.16 ± 0.2 | 0.012 # |
| SAP b | 134.6 ± 8.2 | 131.3 ± 9.1 | 134.2 ± 8.6 | 132.1 ± 6.2 | 0.303 |
| DAP c | 87.7 ± 8.1 | 88.8 ± 9.9 | 89.9 ± 6.6 | 88.0 ± 4.4 | 0.898 |
| MAP d | 103.2 ± 7.2 | 102.7 ± 9.0 | 104.5 ± 6.2 | 102.5 ± 3.3 | 0.765 |
| SD-MAP e | 9.3 ± 1.6 | 8.9 ± 1.9 | 10.2 ± 2.2 | 9.3 ± 1.9 | 0.552 |
| ARV-MAP f | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 0.898 |
| VO2max g | - | - | 43.4 ± 5.7 | 39.8 ± 4.6 | 0.140 |
(HDL) = High Density Lipoprotein; (LDL) = Low-density lipoprotein; others lipidic profile parameters and glucose expressed in (mg/dL). BMI = Body Mass Index (kg/m2). a The values of malondialdehyde (MDA) are expressed in log (nmol/mL); b, c and d Mean values of systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean blood pressure (MAP) (mmHg) obtained in awake patients using 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, respectively; and e Standard deviation (SD) and f Average real variability (AVR) of the mean arterial pressure (mmHg); g (VO2max) = Maximum oxygen consumption (mL·kg−1·min−1) estimated by 1-mile field test for the patients in the training protocol. Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation or n(%); † Person Chi-square test; # Significance by ANOVA one-way for group factor and Post Hoc tests(Age: EVCO vs. Placebo (p = 0.008) and EVCO vs. Placebo-Training (p = 0.043); HDL: EVCO vs. EVCO-Training (p = 0.013) and EVCO-Training vs. Placebo-Training (p = 0.026); LDL: Placebo vs. EVCO-Training (p = 0.013); MDA: EVCO vs. EVCO-Training (p = 0.042) and EVCO -Training vs. Placebo-Training (p = 0.028).