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. 2021 Feb 27;11(3):303. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11030303

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Experimental design and source analysis reconstruction. (A) AD patients (n = 14) were randomly assigned to either a first neuronavigated rTMS or control stimulation (sham) arm. rTMS/sham was delivered daily in a 10-session course, Monday to Friday, for a total duration of two weeks. A two-week washout interval was then applied, following which patients were crossed over to the alternative study arm for two additional weeks. The order of assignment to either study arm was counterbalanced across patients. (B) rTMS was applied over the PC at 20 Hz (1600 stimuli per day), using a neuronavigation system to ensure that the same spot was constantly stimulated across sessions. (C) Source analysis of TMS-evoked EEG activity revealed a bilateral activation of the PC, as reconstructed at the peak fit of cortical response between 60 and 90 ms from single-pulse TMS over PC. Reproduced with permission from Koch et al., 2018 [33].