Nitazoxanide effectively inhibits VA1 replication when added up to 12 h post-infection. (A) At the indicated times post-infection, nitazoxanide (NTZ; 2.5μM) was added to VA1-infected Caco-2 cells. At 24 hpi, cells were fixed and stained for the presence of VA1 capsid protein. (B) The percent of VA1 capsid positive cells for each NTZ treatment was quantitated and compared to vehicle alone (DMSO). All error bars indicate standard deviation of two combined, independent experiments performed in triplicate, and asterisks show statistical significance as measured by multiple t tests as follows: ***, p < 0.001.