Figure 3.

ERK1/2 is activated by VA1 and required for productive replication. Lysates from HAstV-1 (A) and VA1 (B) infected cells taken at the indicated times post-infection were blotted and probed for pERK, ERK, and β-actin. (C) Bands were then quantified by densitometry and normalized to β-actin then compared to mock-infection. (D) Caco-2 cells were pre-incubated 10 μM U0126 vehicle alone (DMSO) and then infected with VA1 (MOI of 2). Percent infection was measured by immunofluorescent staining for VA1 capsid at 24 hpi. Error bars indicate standard deviations from two independent experiments performed in triplicate, and asterisks show statistical significance as measured by ordinary one-way ANOVA as follows: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p  < 0.001.