Table 2.
Examples of published studies employing bacteriophage therapy with success against bacterial pathogens identified as part of the World Health Organization’s Priority Pathogens since 2010.
| Bacterial Pathogen | Phage | Subject/Model | Details | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter baumannii | Βϕ-R2096 |
Galleria mellonella larvae Mouse |
Increased survival rates in both larvae and mice models. No mortality or serious side effects observed in phage-treated groups. |
[267] |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | Phage Cocktail (5 phages) | Human patient | Intravenous treatment Slight improvements in alertness, no signs of further infection. Patient died after decision to withdraw care by family. |
[268] |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | PBAB08 PBAB25 |
Mouse | Intraperitoneal, intranasal, and oral treatment. 2.3-fold higher survival rate than untreated subjects within 7 days. None or minimal inflammatory responses recorded. |
[255] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Phage Cocktail (4 phages) | Zebrafish | Decreased lethality, bacterial burden, and pro-inflammatory response caused by bacterial infection. | [269] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | BrSP1 | In vitro | Maintenance of bacterial population at low levels 12 h post infection. Host range analysis exhibits 51.4% of 26 investigated bacterial strains were susceptible. |
[270] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | MAG1 MAG4 |
In vitro | MAG4 reduced present biofilm formations more effectively after short treatment time. MAG1 was more effective with longer treatment time and selected less for phage-resistant clones. |
[271] |
| Staphylococcus aureus | STA1.ST29 EB1.ST11 EB1.ST27 |
In vitro | Phage cocktail was able to reduce bacterial germ density in pasteurized milk and raw milk. Only moderate decreases in raw milk results compared to pasteurized milk observed. |
[272] |
| Staphylococcus aureus | AB-SA01 | Human patients | Intravenous administration. 8 of 13 patients showed signs of clinical improvement, while no adverse reactions were reported or attributed to the application of phages. |
[252] |
| Escherichia coli | Phage Cocktail (ListShieldTM, EcoShield PXTM, SalmoFreshTM) | Mouse | Phage cocktail significantly reduced bacterial pathogen counts by 54% in fecal samples. No notable changes or distortion of gut microbiota composition. Decreased weight-loss occurred in mice treated with phage cocktail compared to other treatment groups. |
[273] |
| Escherichia coli | Phage Cocktail (ECML-363, ECML-122, ECML-359) | In vitro | Phage cocktail more effective than ciprofloxacin administration in reducing simulated bacterial populations (2–3 log reduction). No to moderate impact on commensal bacteria observed compared to antibiotic. |
[274] |
| Escherichia coli | CS EPEC BL EHEC |
In vitro | High efficiency in reduction of EPEC or EHEC contaminated meat, in about 99.20% and 99.04% respectively. | [275] |
| Salmonella spp. | LPSTLL LPST94 LPST153 |
In vitro | Phage cocktail had broad spectrum to lyse diverse Salmonella serovars. Near complete elimination of targeted pathogens in milk samples after 6 h and 12 h of phage treatment. |
[276] |
| Salmonella spp. | Phage Cocktail (5 phages) | In vitro | Reductions of 1.0 log CFU/cm2 observed following immersion of samples (chicken skins) in phage suspensions. | [277] |
| Campylobacter spp. | Phage Cocktail | Broiler chicken | Significant reduction and control of C. jejuni presence within 24 h of phage application. Continued presence of phages 6 days after phage application. |
[278] |