Table 1. Cereals: Crop Species, Se Treatment (Se Source, Dose, and Application Mode), and Effects on Total (TSeC) and Organic Se Content and Other Nutritional Traits.
| species | Se source | dose | type of treatment | TSeC | organic Se | other nutritional traits | references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oryza sativa L. (cv. Xiushui 134) | soil culture: sodium selenite | 790 μg of Se pot–1 foliar application: 100 μM Se | root treatment foliar application | in rice seeds: Se inorganic > Se organic (foliar application), ↑selenite (root application) | ↑Se Amino acid, ↑Non-amino acid organic Se | ↑antioxidant capacity; ↑amino acids; ↑Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn | (36) |
| Oryza sativa L. (cv. Premium N° 59, Teyou 59) | sodium selenite sodium selenate | 20 g of Se Ha–1 (sodium selenite) | foliar application | in grain samples (μg of Se g–1): 0.471–0.640 | NAa | ↑Se concentration | (121) |
| 20 g of Se Ha–1 (sodium selenate) | |||||||
| Zea mays L. | sodium selenate | 5.0–20.0 g of Se Ha–1 | field experiment | in grain (mg of Se kg–1 DWb): 0.042–0.068 (soil application), 0.157–0.306 (foliar application) | NA | ↑Se concentration | (122) |
| soil application | |||||||
| foliar application | |||||||
| Zea mays L. (Dekalb DKC4316, FAO 300) | sodium selenite | 200 g of Se Ha–1 at low (LH) and high irrigation (HH) | field experiment (soil application; years, 2016 and 2017) | in grain (μg of Se kg–1 DW): 1310 (LH) and 1390 (HH), in 2016 | SeMet | ↑inorganic and organic Se forms, ↑xanthophyll, ↑salicylic acid, ↓hydroxycinnamic acid content, ↑antioxidant activities | (18) |
| 80 (LH) and 200 (HH), in 2017 | SeCys | ||||||
| Zea mays L. (cv. Zhengdan 958) | sodium selenite | Se sprayed and then incorporated (SA): 150–600 g of Se Ha–1. Foliar addition (FA): 11–285 g of Se Ha–1 | field experiment | in grain (μg of Se kg–1 DW): 0.6–206.0 (SA), 7.0–2312.0 (FA) | NA | soil and foliar Se: ≈N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn contents; ↑Se content | (123) |
| soil addition: SA and FA | |||||||
| Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Shannong 1 (purple), Shannong 031244 (blue), and Shannong 129 (white)) | sodium selenite | 37.50–112.50 g of Se Ha–1 | field experiment (foliar addition) | in grain (mg of Se kg–1 DW): 0.23–0.54 | NA | ↑Se concentration, ↑gliadin, ↑glutenin, ↓albumin, ↓globulin, ↑iron, zinc, ↓copper, ↓manganese, ↑amino acids, ↑anthocyanins | (124) |
| Triticum aestivum L. (var. BRS 264) | sodium selenate | 12–120 g of Se Ha–1 | field experiment (foliar addition) | in grain (mg of Se kg–1 DW): 2.86 (average value at the highest dose) | NA | ↑starch content, ↑total soluble sugars, ↑reducing sugars, ↑sucrose, ↑N and antioxidant metabolism | (125) |
| in leaves (mg of Se kg–1 DW): 1.20–2.32 | |||||||
| Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Jordão, bread wheat, TA) | sodium selenate (ate) | 4, 20, and 100 g of Se Ha–1 | field experiment (soil treatment, ST; foliar spray, FS) | in grain (mg of Se kg–1 DW): from 0.76 (TA, ate, ST) to 2.98 (TD, ate, FS) | ↑SeMet | (200) | |
| Triticum durum Desf. (cv. Marialva, TD) | sodium selenite (ite) | ||||||
| Triticum durum Desf. | sodium selenate | 10–40 g of Se Ha–1 | field experiment (foliar spray) | in grain (μg of Se kg–1 DW): 457.0–1543.0 | ↑SeMet | ↑Se content | (126) |
| sodium selenite | |||||||
| Hordeum vulgare L. (spp. distichum) | sodium selenate | 10–40 g of Se Ha–1 | field experiment (foliar spray) | in grain: (μg of Se kg–1 DW) 55–33 and 10–6 for each g ha–1 of Se | NA | ↑Se concentrations | (127) |
| sodium selenite |
a
NA: not analyzed.
b
DW: dry weight.