Table 6. Bulb and Root Crops: Crop Species, Se Treatment (Se Source, Dose, and Application Mode), and Effects on Total (TseC) and Organic Se Content and Other Nutritional Traits.
| species | Se source | dose | type of treatment | TSeC | Se organic forms | other nutritional traits | references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solanum tuberosum L. (cv. E potato-10) | sodium selenate | 100 mg of Se L–1 and the final volume of the solution applied was 2 L plot–1 | field experiment (foliar spraying) | in tubers (mg of Se kg–1 DWa): 0.055–1.05 (selenite), 1.04–1.50 (selenate) | ↑SeMet (the main specie), ↑SeMeCys, ↑SeCys2 | ↑Se concentration | (34) |
| sodium selenite | |||||||
| Solanum tuberosum L. (cv. Agata) | sodium selenate | 0.75–5.0 mg of Se kg–1 | pot experiment (soil fortification) | in shoots (mg of Se kg–1 DW): 6.20 (selenite), 5.63 (selenate) | NAb | ↑Se content | (63) |
| sodium selenite | in tubers (mg of Se kg–1 DW): 5.0 (selenite), 10.0 (selenate) | ||||||
| Solanum tuberosum L. (cv. Karin and Cv. Ditta) | sodium selenite | 200–400 g of Se Ha–1 | field experiment (foliar application) | in tubers (mg of Se kg–1 DW):1.562–2.027 (Karin), 0.693–1.129 (Ditta) | NA | ↑content of total essential and nonessential amino acids | (138) |
| Solanum tuberosum L. (cv. Desiree) | sodium selenate | 10 mg of Se L–1 | field experiment (foliar application) | in tubers (ng of Se g–1 DW): 347 (drought exposed), 1101 (well-watered) | ↑SeMet (68% of total Se) | ↑selenate | (61) |
| Solanum tuberosum L. (cv. Satu) | sodium selenate | 0.073–0.3 mg of Se kg–1 sand | in quartz sand (Se applied to the substrate) | in roots (μg of Se g–1 DW): 5–30 | NA | ≈starch concentration, ↑Se content | (62) |
| in stolons (μg of Se g–1 DW): 4–40 | |||||||
| Solanum tuberosum L. (cv. Primura) | sodium selenate | 50–150 g of Se Ha–1 in aqueous solution and in humic acid solution. | field experiment (soil substrate, foliar application) | in tubers (mg of Se kg–1 FW):0.01–0.15 (selenate), 0.01–0.11 (selenite) in aqueous solution. | NA | ↑Se concentration | (30) |
| sodium selenite | in humic acid solution: 0.01–0.35 (selenate) | ||||||
| Allium sativum L. | sodium selenate | 20.0–50.0 g of Se Ha–1 | field experiment (foliar spray, FS; soil flood application, SFA) | in bulbs (mg kg–1 DW): 3.23 (highest average concentration) | NA | ↑Se content, ↑total phenolics, ↑total flavonoids, ↑total antioxidant capacity | (64) |
| Allium cepa L. (aggregatum group, cv. Alba) | sodium selenate | 63 mg of Se m–2, 50 mg L–1 SeCys solution | field experiment (foliar spray) | the inoculation of shallot plant roots with AMF increased the bulb Se content by 530%, and Se biofortification with (SeCys)2 and sodium selenate increased this value by 36% and 21%, respectively, compared to control | NA | ↑ascorbic acid, ↑antioxidant activity | (65) |
| selenocystine solution | Some plots were previously treated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-based formulate | ||||||
| Daucus carota (cv. Mokum F1) | sodium selenate | 10 and 100 μg of Se mL–1 | pot experiment (foliar spray) | in roots (μg g–1 DW): 0.5–2.2 (selenate), 0.4–1.5 (selenite) | ↑SeMet, ↑γ-glutamil-SeMet-SeCys | ↑Se content in roots and leaf | (66) |
| sodium selenite |
a
DW: dry weight.
b
NA: not analyzed.