Table 4.
Association between clinical characteristics and time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis.
| Pediatric Cases (n = 32) |
Adult Cases (n = 100) |
Older Adult Cases (n = 22) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Statistics | p | Statistics | p | Statistics | p |
| Age at diagnosis | 0.2 | 0.21 | −0.2 | 0.04 | 0.2 | 0.42 |
| Female gender | 87.5 | 0.17 | 1224.0 | 0.90 | 32.5 | 0.11 |
| Type of tumor | 3.4 | 0.64 | 9.5 | 0.58 | 1.5 | 0.46 |
| Tumor location | 82.0 | 0.94 | 584.5 | 0.41 | 4.5 | 0.09 |
| Psychiatric Symptoms | ||||||
| Anxiety | 94.5 | 0.95 | 665.5 | 0.25 | 25.5 | 0.19 |
| Apathy | 6.5 | 0.44 | 555.5 | 0.27 | 44.0 | 0.58 |
| Depression | 71.5 | 0.18 | 892.0 | 0.19 | 40.5 | 0.59 |
| Eating disorders | 63.5 | 0.014 | 246.5 | 0.007 | - | - |
| Manic symptoms | 26.0 | 0.79 | 327.5 | 0.61 | - | - |
| Miscellaneous symptoms | 66.5 | 0.96 | 368.5 | 0.62 | 4.0 | 0.08 |
| Personality changes | 19.0 | 0.009 | 893.0 | 0.88 | 43.5 | 0.54 |
| Psychotic symptoms | 98.0 | 0.65 | 1200.5 | 0.95 | 36.5 | 0.27 |
| Neurological symptoms | ||||||
| Cognitive deficits | 69.0 | 0.25 | 619.5 | <0.0001 | 51.0 | 0.95 |
| Delayed puberty | 1.5 | 0.40 | - | - | - | - |
| Dizziness | 42.0 | 0.95 | 470.0 | 0.83 | 22.5 | 0.26 |
| Growth retardation | 40.0 | 0.17 | - | - | - | - |
| Headache | 95.0 | 0.74 | 1141.5 | 0.73 | 47.0 | 0.57 |
| Motor deficits | 117.5 | 0.71 | 1017.5 | 0.60 | 53.5 | 0.74 |
| Nausea/Vomiting | 104.5 | 0.39 | 558.0 | 0.11 | 4.5 | 0.46 |
| Ocular Impairments | 89.0 | 0.56 | 743.0 | 0.62 | 7.0 | 0.04 |
| Seizures | 15.0 | 0.29 | 612.5 | 0.44 | 2.0 | 0.04 |
| Sleep disturbances | 59.0 | 0.06 | 975.0 | 0.48 | 21.0 | 0.10 |
| Speech impediments | 27.5 | 0.85 | 613.0 | 0.26 | 11.0 | 0.11 |
| Urinary incontinence | - | - | 324.5 | 0.61 | 26.0 | 0.86 |
Cases were stratified according to age at diagnosis (pediatric cases: age < 18 years; adult cases: age between 18 and 64 years; and older adult cases: age ≥ 65 years). The association between time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis and (1) age at diagnosis was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation analysis, (2) type of tumor using Kruskal-Wallis test, and (3) all the other variables using Mann-Whitney U test. Significant results are reported in bold.