Table 3.
LCI of composite scenarios. Values are presented per functional unit.
| Item | Unit | Composite scenarios |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | |||
| Raw materials | Electricity consumption | kWh | 2180.61 | 2339.01 | 2590.27 | 2172.65 | 1913.39 |
| Generated energy | kWh | 8454.22 | 8832.43 | 8894.73 | 8454.22 | 8997.81 | |
| Net energy generation | kWh | 6944.67 | 7255.35 | 7306.52 | 6944.67 | 7712.07 | |
| Fresh water | kg | 47551.79 | 48057.60 | 47786.19 | 50552.49 | 45341.50 | |
| Transportation | t*km | 241.58 | 250.44 | 251.14 | 240.11 | 239.75 | |
| Sodium hydroxide | kg | 128.13 | 126.15 | 126.15 | 124.76 | 127.07 | |
| Activated carbon | kg | 32.09 | 30.27 | 30.49 | 12.29 | 28.21 | |
| Hydrochloride | kg | 8.33 | 8.70 | 8.76 | 8.33 | 0.80 | |
| Sodium hypochlorite | kg | 0.06 | 16.76 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.01 | |
| Sulfate | kg | 4.05 | 4.05 | 4.05 | 0.08 | 3.97 | |
| Urea | kg | 9.51 | 9.51 | 9.51 | 36.42 | 9.51 | |
| Ammonia | kg | 49.14 | 51.34 | 51.70 | 49.14 | 73.53 | |
| Hydrated lime | kg | 600.57 | 614.89 | 617.25 | 319.98 | 516.62 | |
| Lime | kg | 5.93 | – | – | 11.68 | – | |
| Natural gas | m3 | 71.33 | 71.33 | 71.33 | – | 71.33 | |
| Potland cement | kg | 59.19 | 61.83 | 62.27 | 59.19 | – | |
| Disinfection solution | kg | 0.99 | – | 4.25 | – | – | |
| Chlorine dioxide | kg | – | – | – | 0.07 | – | |
| Kerosene | kg | 50 | – | – | – | – | |
| Diesel | kg | 18.26 | 79.96 | 19.07 | 215.78 | 13.56 | |
| Direct air emissions | Sulfur dioxide | kg | 8.87 | 9.56 | 9.08 | 12.42 | 6.13 |
| Nitrogen oxides | kg | 25.00 | 25.25 | 25.28 | 26.34 | 13.02 | |
| Particulate | kg | 4.98 | 4.98 | 5.01 | 4.81 | 1.13 | |
| Hydrogen fluoride | kg | 3.77 | 3.93 | 3.96 | 3.77 | 0.08 | |
| Hydrogen chloride | kg | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 0.78 | |
| Hydrogen sulfide | kg | 3.43E−03 | 3.48E−03 | – | – | 3.49E−03 | |
| Carbon monoxide | kg | 2.73 | 2.73 | 2.73 | 3.00 | 2.73 | |
| Volatile organic compound | kg | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.34 | – | 0.34 | |
| Ammonia | kg | 1.84E−01 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.18 | |
| Mercury | kg | 1.61E−03 | 1.59E−03 | 1.59E−03 | 1.95E−03 | 1.59E−03 | |
| Cadmium | kg | 2.18E−04 | 1.98E−04 | 1.98E−04 | – | 1.98E−04 | |
| Lead | kg | 5.18E−03 | 1.19E−03 | 1.19E−03 | 0.02 | 1.19E−03 | |
| Arsenic | kg | 3.96E−05 | 3.96E−05 | 3.96E−05 | 1.95E−03 | 3.96E−05 | |
| Nickel | kg | 1.08E−03 | 1.59E−04 | 1.59E−04 | – | 1.59E−04 | |
| Dioxins | ug | 21.77 | 14.81 | 14.90 | 16.11 | 1.75 | |
| Waste water | Waste water | t | 6.16 | 6.54 | 6.25 | 12.51 | 3.62 |
| Chemical oxygen demand | mg | 435207.40 | 410275.99 | 412504.49 | 674958.36 | 94307.50 | |
| Suspended solids | mg | 157517.97 | 162035.78 | 162779.89 | 100986.30 | 56531.67 | |
| Ammonia nitrogen | mg | 54376.26 | 51797.09 | 52096.27 | 77854.74 | 9377.92 | |
| Phosphorus | mg | 924.58 | 924.58 | 924.58 | – | 924.58 | |
| Lead | mg | 475.50 | 475.50 | 475.50 | – | 475.50 | |
| Mercury | mg | 184.92 | 184.92 | 184.92 | – | 184.92 | |
| Chromium | mg | 184.92 | 184.92 | 184.92 | – | 184.92 | |
| Arsenic | mg | 383.04 | 383.04 | 383.04 | – | 383.04 | |
| Solid waste | Sanitary landfill | t | 6.15 | 6.22 | 6.25 | 6.34 | 5.86 |