Table 1.
Salient characteristics of the COVID-19 vaccines included in systematic review
| S. no | Name of vaccine | Type of vaccine | Manufacturer | Study phases | Study design | No of participant | Serious adverse events | Emergency regulatory approval status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CoronaVac | Inactivated vaccine (formalin with alum adjuvant) | Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China | Phase 1/2 | Phase 1: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled | 144 | None | Yes—China, Bolivia, Turkey, Indonesia, Brazil |
| Phase 2: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled | 600 | None | ||||||
| 2 | Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cell) | Inactivated vaccine | Sinopharm + Wuhan Institute of Biological Products | Phase 1/2 | Phase 1: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled | 96 | None | Yes—China |
| Phase 2: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled | 224 | None | ||||||
| 3 | BBIBP-CorV | Inactivated vaccine | Sinopharm + Beijing Institute of Biological Products | Phase 1/2 | Phase 1: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled | 192 | None | Yes—China, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Pakistan, Serbia |
| Phase 2: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled | 448 | None | ||||||
| 4 | COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca (AZD1222) | Adenovirus vaccine | AstraZeneca + University of Oxford | Phase 1/2 | Blinded, randomised controlled trial | 12,021 (for safety analysis) | 168 (3 related to vaccine) | Yes—UK, Argentina, El Salvador, Dominican Republic, India, Bangladesh, Mexico, Nepal, Pakistan, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Hungary, Thailand |
| 5 | Viral vector (Non-replicating) | Recombinant coronavirus vaccine (Adenovirus type 5 vector) | CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology | Phase 1/2 | Phase 1: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled | 108 | None | No |
| Phase 1: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled | 508 | None | No | |||||
| 6 | Sputnik V (Non-replicating viral vector) | Gam-COVID-Va c Adeno-based (rAd26-S + rAd5-S) | Gamaleya Research Institute; Health Ministry of the Russian Federation | Phase 1/2 | Open, non-randomised | 38 | None | Yes |
| Gam-COVID-Vac-Lyo | Gamaleya Research Institute; Health Ministry of the Russian Federation | Phase 1/2 | Open, non-randomised | 38 | None | |||
| 7 | Ad26.COV2.S | Viral vector (Non-replicating) | Janssen Pharmaceutica | Phase 1/2a | Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled | Cohort 1a:377 Cohort 1b: 25 | 5 | No |
| 8 | NVX-CoV2373 | Glycoprotein nanoparticle | Novavax | Phase 1/2 | Randomized, placebo-controlled, | 131 | None | No |
| 9 | Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (mRNA-1273) | mRNA based vaccine | Moderna + National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) | Phase 1 | Dose-escalation, open-label trial | 45 | None | Yes—Canada, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, EU, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, Norway |
| 10 | Comirnaty (BNT162b2) | mRNA based vaccine | BioNTech + Fosun Pharma; Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control + Pfizer | Phase 1/2 | Phase 1: Placebo-controlled, observer-blinded dose-escalation study | 45 | None | Yes |
| Phase 2: Placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, pivotal efficacy trial | 43,448 | 4 | ||||||
| 11 | Covaxin (BBV152) | Inactivated vaccine | Bharat Biotech, ICMR India | Phase 1 | Placebo controlled, double blind | 375 | 1 | Yes—India |