Table 1.
Baseline patient and treatment characteristics and clinical follow-up data (n = 375).
| Cases (n = 53) | Controls (n = 322) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (range) or n (%) | Missing n (%) | Median (range) or n (%) | Missing n (%) | ||
| Age at start chemotherapy (years) | 31 (17–55) | – | 27 (16–55) | – | 0.009 |
| Age at follow-up (years) | 51 (24–72) | – | 41 (21–69) | – | <0.001 |
| Follow-up duration (years) | 12 (4–37) | – | 11 (3–37) | – | 0.03 |
| Royal Marsden Hospital stage | – | 3 (1%) | 0.46 | ||
| Stage II | 25 (47%) | 179 (56%) | |||
| Stage III | 6 (11%) | 31 (10%) | |||
| Stage IV | 22 (42%) | 109 (34%) | |||
| IGCCCG classification | 2 (4%) | 3 (1%) | 0.95 | ||
| Good | 33 (62%) | 197 (61%) | |||
| Intermediate | 14 (26%) | 90 (28%) | |||
| Poor | 4 (8%) | 32 (10%) | |||
| Chemotherapy regime | – | – | – | ||
| BEP followed by EP | 18 (33%) | 129 (40%) | |||
| BEP | 17 (32%) | 114 (35%) | |||
| PVB followed by PV maintenance | 3 (6%) | 16 (5%) | |||
| 2 PVB followed by 2 BEP | 1 (2%) | 16 (5%) | |||
| PVB | 4 (8%) | 11 (3%) | |||
| EP | 5 (9%) | 8 (2%) | |||
| CEB | 0 | 10 (3%) | |||
| Other platinum-based chemotherapy | 5 (9%) | 18 (6%) | |||
| Any radiotherapy | 4 (8%) | – | 4 (1%) | – | – |
| Abdominal | 2 (4%) | 2 (0.6%) | |||
| Cranial | 0 | 2 (0.6%) | |||
| Thoracic | 1 (2%) | 0 | |||
| Contralateral testicle | 1 (2%) | 0 | |||
| No radiotherapy | 49 (93%) | 318 (99%) | |||
| Cardiovascular events | – | – | – | ||
| Any event | 53 (100%) | 0 | |||
| Cardiomyopathya | 6 (11%) | – | |||
| Cerebrovasculara | 8 (15%) | – | |||
| Coronarya | 19 (36%) | – | |||
| Thromboembolica | 19 (36%) | – | |||
| Otherb | 5 (9%) | – | |||
| None | 0 | 322 (100%) | |||
| Blood pressure at follow-up (mmHg) | 3 (6%) | 26 (8%) | |||
| Systolic | 139 (110–190) | 135 (105–190) | 0.07 | ||
| Diastolic | 85 (60–112) | 80 (50–124) | 0.07 | ||
| BMI at follow-up (kg/m²) | 26.4 (19.4–40.6) | 5 (9%) | 25.5 (19.3–41.7) | 58 (18%) | 0.04 |
| Waist-hip ratio at follow-up | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 8 (15%) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 95 (30%) | 0.60 |
| Metabolic syndrome at follow-up | 5 (9%) | 75 (23%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 32 (60%) | 92 (29%) | |||
| No | 16 (30%) | 155 (48%) | |||
| Antihypertensive drugs at follow-up | – | 4 (1%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 27 (51%) | 52 (16%) | |||
| No | 26 (49%) | 266 (83%) | |||
| Lipid lowering drugs at follow-up | – | 3 (1%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 21 (40%) | 27 (8%) | |||
| No | 32 (60%) | 292 (91%) | |||
| Antidiabetic drugs at follow-up | – | 3 (1%) | 0.06 | ||
| Yes | 4 (8%) | 7 (2%) | |||
| No | 49 (93%) | 312 (97%) | |||
| Testosterone suppletion at follow-up | – | 3 (1%) | 0.75 | ||
| Yes | 2 (4%) | 20 (6%) | |||
| No | 51 (96%) | 299 (93%) | |||
| Fasting glucose at follow-up (mmol/l) | 5.6 (3.5–15.1) | 3 (6%) | 5.4 (1.3–9.4) | 104 (32%) | 0.05 |
| Total cholesterol at follow-up (mmol/l) | 4.6 (3.1–7.6) | – | 5.2 (2.8–9.7) | 5 (2%) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol at follow-up (mmol/l) | 1.4 (0.8–4.9) | 6 (11%) | 1.2 (0.3–5.6) | 56 (17%) | 0.17 |
| LDL cholesterol at follow-up (mmol/l) | 2.9 (1.2–5.8) | 6 (11%) | 3.3 (0.4–6.5) | 57 (17%) | 0.03 |
| Triglyceride at follow-up (mmol/l) | 1.4 (0.5–4.7) | – | 1.4 (0.4–118) | 4 (1%) | 0.90 |
| Total testosterone at follow-up (nmol/l) | 13 (4.7–33) | 6 (11%) | 15 (0.7–160) | 57 (18%) | 0.01 |
| eGFR at follow-up (ml/min/1.73 m²) | 90 (18–127) | – | 92 (18–127) | 4 (1%) | 0.02 |
| Albuminuria in 24 h urine at follow-up (mg/24 h) | 6 (0.9–1,152) | 33 (62%) | 8 (0–5,850) | 158 (49%) | – |
| Chronic kidney disease stage at follow-up | – | 4 (1%) | 0.01 | ||
| Stage 4 | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | |||
| Stage 3B | 3 (6%) | 1 (0.3%) | |||
| Stage 3A | 2 (4%) | 12 (4%) | |||
| Stage 2 | 26 (49%) | 130 (40%) | |||
| Stage 1 | 22 (42%) | 174 (54%) | |||
Characteristics of TC patients with and without cardiovascular event were compared with Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U test after removal of missing values, with two-sided p < 0.05 considered significant.
BEP bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin, BMI body-mass index, CEB carboplatin, etoposide, bleomycin, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, EP etoposide, cisplatin, HDL high density lipoprotein, IGCCCG International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group, LDL low-density lipoprotein, PV cisplatin, vinblastine, PVB cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin.
aPatients with multiple cardiovascular events were counted in multiple categories.
bIntracerebral hemorrhage (n = 1), cardiac arrhythmia (n = 2), and cardiac valve regurgitation or stenosis (n = 2).