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. 2021 Mar 26;7:60. doi: 10.1038/s41420-021-00424-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A Local field potentials (LFPs) from MEA recordings indicate the expression of Tat and Nef significantly suppressed neuronal activity, where black, blue, and red color indicate normal, suppressed, and silenced activities, respectively. AOX treatment of Tat expressing neurons was capable of inhibiting further attenuation in network firing frequencies and partially stabilizing amplitudes, while treatment in Nef expressing neurons only partially preserved firing amplitudes under acute conditions. B Raster plots demonstrated the highly synchronous and regular firing activity at baseline was fully mitigated by the expression of Tat or Nef. AOX treatment resulted in a partial restoration of synchronous activity in the Tat expressing group, but not Nef. C Analyses of correlation-based conduction velocities revealed the application of AOX prevented further attenuation in temporal firing dynamics in Tat expressing neurons, and improved activity in the Nef expressing group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.