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. 2021 Mar 26;11:6985. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86458-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Upper panel: Effects of fentanyl (75 μg/kg, IV) on tail-flick latencies in rats pretreated with vehicle (VEH; 1 ml/kg, IV) or GSHee (100 μmol/kg, IV). Lower panel: Data in the upper panel expressed as maximal possible effect (MPE, %). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. There were 9 rats in each group. The data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA followed by multiple comparison testing as detailed in the Methods section. *P < 0.05/6 comparisons per group, significant change from post-drug (i.e., 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 or 240 min post-fentanyl versus D15 value). ^†P < 0.05/6 between group comparisons, GSHee versus vehicle.