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. 2021 Mar 26;11:186. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01303-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a, b TPH2 immunostaining shows the distribution of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of control and Pten cKO mice. Scale bars = 100 μm. c Soma diameter of TPH2⁺ neurons (N = 4 animals, n = 20 neurons for statistics analysis) is increased in Pten cKO mice compared with controls. d Areas containing TPH2 fluorescence are increased in Pten cKO mice compared with controls. e, f Double immunostaining of TPH2 and pAkt shows a dramatic elevation of pAkt in 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of Pten cKO mice compared with controls. Scale bars = 100 μm. g Heatmap depicting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) determined by genome-wide RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of control and Pten-deficient 5-HT neurons. Rows represent DEGs and columns represent transcriptomic profiles of individual 5-HT neurons. h Ingenuity Gene Ontology Analysis depicting to which biological processes the DEGs contribute (orange, upregulated in Pten-deficient 5-HT neurons; light blue, downregulated in Pten-deficient 5-HT neurons). i Upregulation of Slc6a4, Map2, Map1a, Pfn2, and Wasf1 in Pten-deficient 5-HT neurons is confirmed by single-cell RT-PCR. All the data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. The numbers of animals used are indicated except (e, f).