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. 2021 Mar 26;11:186. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01303-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, b. SERT⁺ axons/terminals visualized with diaminobenzidine as chromogen in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in control and Pten cKO mice. Scale bars = 200 μm. c SERT⁺ axons/terminals shown by optical density are increased in the two regions of Pten cKO mice relative to control. d, e High magnification of SERT immunostaining shows individual axons/terminals in the prefrontal cortex (d) and comparison of the density of SERT⁺ axons/terminals there (e). f Images showing synaptophysin-fused EGFP-labeled buttons within tdTomato-labeled 5-HT axon terminals in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dentate gyrus (DG). g. The density of EGFP-labeled buttons within tdTomato-labeled terminals in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is similar between Pten cKO and control mice. Scale bars = 5 μm. h, i 5-HT, and its metabolite 5-HIAA are increased in the midbrain, hippocampus (HPC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of Pten cKO mice relative to control. j, k Electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus elicits increases of 5-HT release in the hippocampus of Pten cKO mice compared with controls. l BDNF levels are increased in the hippocampus of Pten cKO mice. m, n The increase of Ki67⁺ cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of Pten cKO mice compared with controls. Scale bars = 100 μm. Numbers of animal used are indicated. All the data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.