Ketogenic diet enhanced the severity of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. (A) Study design of the in vivo experiment. (B) Serum samples were collected at the end of the experiment, and the serum ALT was assessed. (C) Representative results from Western blot analyses of α-SMA expression and (D) qPCR analyses of α-SMA, Col1a2, TGF-β, and Desmin gene expression. (E) Representative H&E, Sirius red, and Masson’s trichrome staining images of liver tissues. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 vs. white bar. #, p < 0.05; ##, p < 0.01 vs. black bar. N = 5 in each group. Data are shown as means ± SEM.