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. 2021 Mar 9;10(3):416. doi: 10.3390/antiox10030416

Figure 7.

Figure 7

DMF treatment was associated with lower oxidized flavoprotein (Fp) levels and redox ratio Fp/(NADH + Fp) in the frontal cortex of SIV-infected macaques. (A) Representative images (frontal cortex) of autofluorescence of Fp (left), NADH (center) and Fp/(NADH + Fp) (right). The “x” and ”y” coordinates of the image matrices are shown. Numbers and color bars on the right of each image indicate the range of the index being displayed. (B) Quantification of the Fp autofluorescence showed lower Fp levels with DMF treatment (statistical analysis was done with Student’s unpaired t-test, ** p < 0.01). (C) No significant difference in NADH levels was observed with DMF treatment. (D) Quantification of Fp/(NADH+Fp) showed a more reduced redox ratio being associated with DMF treatment, which was indicative of the oxidative stress level (statistical analysis was done using Student’s unpaired t-test, * p < 0.05). Nine SIV-infected rhesus macaques were used in the study (4 untreated animals and 5 DMF-treated (90 mg total DMF daily)). Intensities are in arbitrary units (a.u.) and all redox indices are expressed as the mean ± SEM.