DMF treatment was not associated with changes in NFL. (A,B) NFL in the brain tissue, as determined using Western blot. Eleven brain regions from 9 SIV-infected rhesus macaques (4 untreated animals and 5 DMF-treated (90 mg total DMF daily)) were analyzed. In panel (B), each dot represents the mean average for each region and group. (C) The plasma and (D) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NFL did not change with the DMF treatment. NFL was quantified using a Singleplex Assay (Meso Scale Discovery, Rockville, MD, USA). Each dot represents the NFL value for each animal. Fc: frontal cortex, 3rdV: third ventricle, Th: thalamus, Pc: parietal cortex, SWM: subcortical white matter, Cr: cerebellum, Bs: brainstem, Bg: basal ganglia, CN: caudate nuclei, Tc: temporal cortex, Oc: occipital cortex. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM.