Table 4.
Effect of pretreatments (raw fibers, water and alkali) on the tensile properties of hemp fibers and comparison of tensile properties for hemp fibers before and after silane treatment (with water and alkali pretreatments).
| Tensile Strength | Modulus | Strain | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comparison | Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value | Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value | Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value |
| Raw/Alkali | 1.3 | 1.03 to 1.72 | 0.0255 * | 1.05 | 0.83 to 1.33 | 0.8647 | 1.23 | 1.04 to 1.44 | 0.0092 ** |
| Raw/Water | 1.36 | 1.06 to 1.76 | 0.0131 * | 1.18 | 0.93 to 1.5 | 0.2130 | 1.20 | 1.02 to 1.41 | 0.0261 ** |
| Alkali/Water | 1.03 | 0.8 to 1.32 | 0.9641 | 1.12 | 0.89 to 1.41 | 0.4459 | 0.98 | 0.83 to 1.14 | 0.9289 |
| Silane/Untreated|Alkali | 1.19 | 0.97 to 1.45 | 0.0938 | 0.97 | 0.8 to 1.18 | 0.7777 | 1.18 | 1.03 to 1.35 | 0.0187 * |
| Silane/Untreated|Water | 1.38 | 1.13 to 1.67 | 0.0013 ** | 1.23 | 1.02 to 1.49 | 0.0294 * | 1.09 | 0.95 to 1.24 | 0.2041 |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. p-values were adjusted using Tukey’s method for a family of 3 estimates. Comparisons can be interpreted as the ratio between Silane and Untreated fibres that were pretreated with Alkali (Silane/Untreated|Alkali) or Water.