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. 2021 Mar 8;13(3):352. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030352

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Relationships between the CRISPR-Cas system and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. a. The CRISPR-Cas system can maintain envelope integrity by regulating envelope lipoprotein expression to enhance antibiotic resistance, such as in Francisella novicida. b. The CRISPR-Cas system can impact the acquisition of mobile antimicrobial resistance elements to avoid antibiotic resistance, such as in Campylobacter jejuni and Enterococcus faecalis. c. The CRISPR-Cas system can regulate the physiological pathway involved in the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria, such as in Klebsiella pneumoniae. ARG: antibiotic resistance gene.