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. 2021 Mar 14;22(6):2955. doi: 10.3390/ijms22062955

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Overview of the current spectrum of potential biomarkers in genetic cardiomyopathies, including examples of biomarker proteins, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and antibodies. Red/orange ovals indicate proteins/ncRNAs from the heart. Blue/purple: ovals indicate proteins/ncRNAs from multiple tissues. Green ovals indicate antibodies. AAbs = autoantibodies, cAAbs = cardiac autoantibodies, BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide, ANP = atrial natriuretic peptide, BMP10 = bone morphogenetic protein 10, Gal-3 = galectin-3, GDF15 = growth differentiation factor 15, sST2 = soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2, β1 = G-protein coupled β1 receptor, M2 = muscarin-2 receptor, DSG2 = desmoglein-2, cTnI = cardiac troponin I, cTnT = cardiac troponin T, MyBPC3 = cardiac myosin-binding protein C3, hFABP = heart-type fatty acid-binding protein. Components of the figure are derived from Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com/, accessed on 14 March 2021), licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, accessed on 14 March 2021).