Table 1.
Study Variables.
| Variables | Question | Response Options and Recoding |
|---|---|---|
| Outcome Variable | ||
| Bullied | During the past 30 days, on how many days were you bullied? | 1 = 0 days; 2 = 1 or 2 days; 3 = 3 to 5 days; 4 = 6 to 9 days; 5 = 10 to 19 days; 6 = 20 to 29 days; and 7 = All 30 days (coded as 1 = No; and 2–7 = Yes) |
| Explanatory Variables | ||
| Socio-Demographic Characteristics | ||
| Age | How old are you? | 1 = 12, 2 = 13, 3 = 14, 4 = 15, 5 = 16, 6 = 17, 7 = 18 years (coded as 11–14 = 0; 15–18 = 1) |
| Sex | What is your sex? | 1 = male, 2 = female (coded 2 = 0, 1 = male) |
| Grade | In what grade are you? | 1 = SHS1, 2 = SHS2, 3 = SHS3, 4 = SHS4 |
| Hunger (proxy of socioeconomic status) | During the past 30 days, how often did you go hungry because there was not enough food in your home? | 1 = never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = most of the times, 5 = always (coded 1–3 = No; 4–5 = Yes) |
| Psychosocial Environmental Factors | ||
| Tobacco use | During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use any other form of tobacco, such as chewing tobacco leaves? | 1 = 0 days; to 7 = All 30 days (coded as 1 = No; and 2–7 = Yes) |
| Alcohol use | During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have at least one drink containing alcohol? | 1 = 0 days; to 7 = All 30 days (coded as 1 = No; and 2–7 = Yes) |
| Smoking | During the past 30 days, how many days did you smoke cigarette? | 1 = 0 days; to 7 = All 30 days (coded as 1 = No; and 2–7 = Yes) |
| Marijuana use | During the past 30 days, how many times have you used marijuana (also called weed, Jah, Indian hemp, ahabammono, and ganja) | 1 = 0 times; to 5 = 20 or more times (coded as 1 = No; and 2–5 = Yes) |
| Loneliness | During the past 12 months, how often have you felt lonely? | 1 = never, 2 = rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = most of the time to 5 = always (coded as 1–3 = No; and 4–5 = Yes) |
| Anxiety | During the past 12 months, how often have you been so worried about something that you could not sleep at night? | 1 = never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = most of the times, 5 = always (coded 1–3 = No, 4–5 = Yes) |
| Injury | During the past 12 months, how many times were you seriously injured? | 1 = 0 times; to 8 = 12 or more time (coded as 1 = No; and 2–8 = Yes) |
| Truancy | During the past 30 days, on how many days did you miss classes or school without permission? | 1 = 0 days, 2 = 1 or 2 days, 3 = 3 to 5 days, 4 = 6 to 9 days, 5 = 10 or more (coded as 1 = No; and 2–5 = Yes) |
| Suicidal ideation | During the past 12 months, did you ever seriously consider attempting suicide? | 1 = yes, 2 = no (coded 2 = No; and 1 = Yes) |
| Suicidal attempt | During the past 12 months, how many times did you actually attempt suicide? | 1 = 0 times; 2 = 1 time; 3 = 2 or 3 times; 4 = 4 or 5 times; and 5 = 6 or more times (coded as 1 = No; and 2–5 = Yes) |
| Fight | During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight? | 1 = 0 times; 2 = 1 time; 3 = 2 or 3 times; 4 = 4 or 5 times; 5 = 7 or 7 times; 6 = 8 or 9 times; 7 = 10 or 11 times; and to 8 = 12 or more times (coded as 1 = No; and 2–8 = Yes) |
| Injury | During the past 12 months, how many times were you seriously injured? | 1 = 0 times; 2 = 1 time; 3 = 2 or 3 times; 4 = 4 or 5 times; 5 = 7 or 7 times; 6 = 8 or 9 times; 7 = 10 or 11 times; and to 8 = 12 or more times (coded as 1 = No; and 2–8 = Yes) |
| Attacked | During the past 12 months, how many times were you physically attacked? | 1 = 0 times; 2 = 1 time; 3 = 2 or 3 times; 4 = 4 or 5 times; 5 = 7 or 7 times; 6 = 8 or 9 times; 7 = 10 or 11 times; and to 8 = 12 or more times (coded as 1 = No; and 2–8 = Yes) |
| Close friends | How many close friends do you have? | 1 = 0; 2 = 1; 3 = 2; and 4 = 3 or more (coded as 1 = No; and 2–4 = Yes) |
| Helpful(Peer support) | During the past 30 days, how often were most of the students in your school kind and helpful? | 1 = never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = most of the times, 5 = always (coded as 1–3 = No; and 4–5 = Yes) |
| Parents check homework (parental supervision) | During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians check to see if your homework was done? | 1 = never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = most of the times, 5 = always (coded as 1–3 = No; and 4–5 = Yes) |
| Understand problems (Parental Connectedness) | During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians understand your problems and worries? | 1 = never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = most of the times, 5 = always (coded as 1–3 = No; and 4–5 = Yes) |
| Know what adolescent do free time (Parental or guardian Bonding) | During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians really know what you were doing with your free time? | 1 = never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = most of the times, 5 = always (coded as 1–3 = No; and 4–5 = Yes) |
| Parental or guardian respect for Privacy | During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians go through your things without your approval? | 1 = never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = most of the times, 5 = always (coded as 1–3 = No; and 4–5 = Yes) |