Table 3.

Multivariable Analysis of Predictors of Bullying Victimization among In-school Adolescents in Ghana.

	Bullying Victimization
Variable	Model I aOR [95% CI]	Model II aOR [95% CI]	Model III aOR [95% CI]
Sex
Female	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Male	0.78 * [0.62, 0.97]	0.80 [0.63, 1.03]	0.82 [0.64, 1.05]
Grade
SHS 1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
SHS 2	0.97 [0.71, 1.34]	0.92 [0.65, 1.30]	0.90 [0.64, 1.27]
SHS 3	0.37 *** [0.28, 0.49]	0.35 *** [0.25, 0.48]	0.34 *** [0.25, 0.47]
SHS 4	0.31 *** [0.22, 0.43]	0.30 *** [0.21, 0.43]	0.30 *** [0.21, 0.44]
Ever went hungry
No	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	1.63 * [1.15, 2.29]	1.41 [0.96, 2.06]	1.39 [0.95, 2.03]
Injury
No		Ref.	Ref.
Yes		2.12 *** [1.64, 2.74]	2.11 *** [1.63, 2.73]
Engaged in fight
No		Ref.	Ref.
Yes		1.92 *** [1.45, 2.56]	1.90 *** [1.42, 2.52]
Attacked
No		Ref.	Ref.
Yes		1.72 *** [1.32, 2.25]	1.73 *** [1.32, 2.27]
Anxiety
No		Ref.	Ref.
Yes		1.16 [0.81, 1.66]	1.15 [0.80, 1.65]
Loneliness
No		Ref.	Ref.
Yes		1.52 * [1.10, 2.11]	1.50 * [1.08, 2.08]
Suicidal ideation
No		Ref.	Ref.
Yes		0.93 [0.62, 1.40]	0.94 [0.62, 1.41]
Suicidal attempt
No		Ref.	Ref.
Yes		1.66 * [1.13, 2.42]	1.63 * [1.11, 2.38]
Current alcohol use
No		Ref.	Ref.
Yes		1.34 [0.90, 2.01]	1.33 [0.88, 1.99]
Current tobacco use
No		Ref.	Ref.
Yes		1.49 [0.74, 3.00]	1.43 [0.71, 2.89]
Current smoking
No		Ref.	Ref.
Yes		1.19 [0.46, 3.06]	1.21 [0.47, 3.10]
Current marijuana use
No		Ref.	Ref.
Yes		3.30 * [1.09, 10.03]	3.36 * [1.10, 10.24]
Peer support
No			Ref.
Yes			0.82 [0.63, 1.06]
Parental or guardian respect for privacy
No			Ref.
Yes			1.20 [0.85, 1.68]
N	1342	1342	1342
Pseudo R2	0.0544	0.1633	0.1650

Source: GSHS, 2012. aOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence interval, Ref: Reference category * p < 0.05 *** p < 0.001.