Table 2.
Bed bug mortality following 15 min exposure, and Aprehend® spore viability on residues of five professional-use insecticides on box spring fabric (Experiment 2).
| Time Post Aprehend®
Application |
Insecticide a | No Aprehend® | With Aprehend® | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | Mean Survival Time (± SE) bc |
Median Survival Time |
Mortality | Mean Survival Time (± SE) bc |
Median Survival Time |
Effect of Adding Aprehend® d | Spore Viability e |
||
| 1 week | PT® Alpine® | 94% | 3.16 ± 0.57 *** | 2 | 100% | 1.87 ± 0.18 *** | 2 | X2 = 3.23 | 84% |
| Bedlam Plus® | 80% | 3.60 ± 0.68 *** | 2 | 100% | 2.57 ± 0.24 *** | 2 | X2 = 0.87 | 88% | |
| CrossFire® | 100% | 2.39 ± 0.23 *** | 2 | 100% | 2.17 ± 0.20 *** | 2 | X2 = 0.79 | 87% | |
| Spectre® 2 SC | 83% | 5.60 ± 0.82 *** | 3 | 100% | 2.30 ± 0.24 *** | 2 | X2 = 11.92 *** | 87% | |
| Temprid® SC | 100% | 1.13 ± 0.06 *** | 1 | 100% | 1.00 ± 0.00 *** | 1 | X2 = 4.21 * | 83% | |
| None | 10% | - | >14 | 100% | 4.57 ± 0.18 | 5 | X2 = 63.80 *** | 84% | |
| 7 weeks | PT® Alpine® | 57% | - | 8 *** | 100% | 3.33 ± 0.29 *** | 3 | X2 = 27.94 *** | 69% |
| Bedlam Plus® | 10% | - | >14 | 100% | 3.53 ± 0.39 *** | 4 | X2 = 60.54 *** | 64% | |
| CrossFire® | 97% | 4.03 ± 0.60 | 3 *** | 100% | 3.37 ± 0.22 *** | 3 | X2 = 0.25 | 65% | |
| Spectre® 2 SC | 57% | - | 12 *** | 100% | 4.70 ± 0.43 | 5 | X2 = 23.76 *** | 69% | |
| Temprid® SC | 100% | 2.06 ± 0.40 | 1 *** | 100% | 1.70 ± 0.20 *** | 1 | X2 = 0.58 | 69% | |
| None | 7% | - | >14 | 97% | 5.97 ± 0.35 | 5 | X2 = 59.32 *** | 67% | |
a Insecticides were applied one day prior to Aprehend® application. b Comparison of Kaplan–Meier survival curves for each insecticide relative to the “None” control (with or without Aprehend®, respectively), using log-rank chi-square test (* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001). Number of bed bugs tested per treatment = 29–31. c A dash denotes that estimation could not be performed because of low mortality. d Comparison of Kaplan–Meier survival curves between Aprehend®-treated and not treated for each insecticide using log-rank chi-square test (* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001). e Percent spore germination was not significantly lower than the no insecticide residue control (p > 0.05).